bio midterm review

what is the first step of the scientific method?

observe/ask a question

what is the second step of the scientific method?

gather background information

what is the third step of the scientific method?

form a hypothesis

what is the fourth step of the scientific method?

predict

what is the fifth step of the scientific method?

experiment

what is the sixth step of the scientific method?

analyze data

what is the seventh step of the scientific method?

draw conclusions

what is the eighth step of the scientific method?

communicate results

how many steps to the scientific method?

8 steps

what is the independent variable?

the factor that is intentionally changed to test an outcome

what is the dependent variable?

the factor that is intentionally kept the same

what is an inference?

a logical conclusion or educated guess drawn from observations

what is a control group?

the group used as a baseline- kept the same in the experiment

what is a theory?

well-supported explanation for a wide range of observations

what is an inorganic molecule?

any molecule that doesn’t have carbon-hydrogen bonds

why do lipids store more energy than carbohydrates?

they have a higher proportion of C-H bonds

what elements make up carbohydrates in what ratio?

carbon-hydrogen-oxygen 1:2:1

what is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

monosaccharide

what is the monomer of a protein?

amino acids

give an example of a lipid

fats, oils, waxes

what type of organic molecule is an enzyme?

protein

what is a synonym for enzymes?

biological catalyst

what things affect how well enzymes work?

temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration

what is adhesion

attraction between different molecules

what is cohesion?

attraction between the same molecules

what kind of microscope do we use in class?

compound light microscope

what are the 3 steps to make a wet mount slide?

1. place a drop of water on the slide

2. place the specimen over the droplet

3. place the cover slip over top at a 45 degree angle

what invention contributed to cell theory?

microscope

what is the first part to cell theory?

all living things are made from cells

what is the second part of cell theory?

cells are the basic units of life

what is the third part of cell theory?

all cells come from pre-existing cells

what is homeostasis?

body’s ability to keep everything stable/balanced

what is metabolism?

collection of all chemical reactions in cells and the ability to convert it to energy

what is an organelle?

means “little organ”; performs a special job in the cell

what is the mitochondria?

“powerhouse” of the cell; it converts food into ATP energy

what is the nucleus?

the cell’s control center that holds DNA

what is a vacuole?

membrane-bound sac that stores water

what does the cell membrane help maintain?

homeostasis

what is diffusion?

the tendency for molecules to spread out; (low-high concentration)