Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Review-unit 2

This card set covers key concepts regarding biodiversity, ecosystem services, and adaptations as outlined in the lecture notes.

Biodiversity in an ecosystem includes __, species, and habitat diversity.

genetic diversity

The more genetically diverse a population is, the better it can respond to __.

environmental stressors

Ecosystems that have a larger number of species are more likely to recover from __.

disruptions

Loss of habitat leads to a loss of __ species, followed by a loss of generalist species.

specialist

Species richness refers to the __ found in an ecosystem.

number of different species

Higher biodiversity equals __ ecosystem health.

higher

Richness (r) is the total number of __ found in an ecosystem.

different species

Evenness indicates if there are one or two __ species, or if populations are well balanced.

dominant

Genetic diversity is beneficial because it increases resilience to __.

environmental stressors

A bottleneck event reduces __ diversity and makes populations more vulnerable.

genetic

Inbreeding can lead to higher chances of harmful __ mutations in offspring.

genetic

Higher species diversity means higher ecosystem __.

resilience

The four categories of ecosystem services are provisioning, __, cultural, and supporting.

regulating

Humans disrupt ecosystem services, leading to __ consequences.

economic and ecological

Provisioning services include goods taken directly from __ or made from natural resources.

ecosystems

Regulating services moderate natural conditions like __ and air quality.

climate

Islands have been colonized by new species arriving from __.

elsewhere

Island biogeography studies the ecological relationships and distribution of organisms on __.

islands

The larger the island, the greater the ecosystem __.

diversity

Closer islands to the mainland support __ species.

more

Ecological tolerance refers to the range of conditions an organism can endure before __ or death results.

injury

The optimal range is where organisms __, grow, and reproduce.

survive

Three zones of ecological tolerance are optimal, zone of __ stress, and zone of intolerance.

physiological

Natural disturbances can occur on periodic, episodic, or __ time frames.

random

Primary succession starts from bare rock, while secondary succession starts from __.

already established soil.