E1 - Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides

Glycogenesis

making of glycogen

Steps of Glycogensis

1. Glucose → G6P \**same as glycolysis**

Hormone: Insulin

Enzymes: Hexokinase, glucokinase
2. G6P→G1P

Enzyme: Isomerase
3. G1P→glycogen

Enzyme: glycogen synthase

Glycogenolysis

breakdown of glycogen

When does your body perform glycogenolysis?

when it is hypoglycemic and need sugar, or under major stress

Gluconeogenesis

making a new molecule of glucose from fat or protien

4 types of Lipids

FFA, Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Phospholipids

Free Fatty Acids (FFA)

chain of C w an acid group at the end

Saturated Fat

every C has a H attached to it

Unsaturated Fat

some C have no H but instead a double bond

monounsaturated fat

1 double bond in a fat

polyunsaturated fat

many double bonds in a fat

Omega Carbon (w)

terminal C farthest from the acid group

ex. if double bond is on the third bond from w-Carbon its an Omega 3 fat

CIS fatty acid

residual H are on the same side

Trans fatty acid

residual H are on opposite sides

Oleic Acid

* 18C


* 1 double bond on 9th
* CIS Omega 9 FFA
* CIS octadecenoic acid

Linoleic Acid

* 18C
* 2 double bonds on 6th & 9th
* CIS configuration on 6th
* CIS Omega 6 FFA

CIS octadecadienoic acid

Linolenic Acid

* 18C
* 3 double bonds on 3rd, 6th, & 9th
* CIS configuration on 3rd
* CIS Omega 3 FFA
* CIS octadecatrienoic acid

Triglycerides

glycerol + 3 FA

Glycerol

a 3C molecule attached to a hydroxyl group

How do you join a FA to a glycerol?

take OH from FA and H from hydroxyl group from glycerol to liberate H2O to create the bond