Exam 2 - Biochem (Digestion flash cards - GLUT, digestion enzymes, and SGLT information)

What is the location for GLUT1?

RBC, blood brain barrier (1st priority organs)

What is the primary role of GLUT 1?

Basal glucose uptake (provides constant glucose)

is GLUT 1 insulin dependent?

No

What is the location for GLUT2?

Liver, pancreatic β-cells, kidney, small intestine

What is the primary role of GLUT 2?

Glucose sensor - it transports glucose INTO and OUT OF the cells (IT IS A 2-WAY TRANSPORTER)

Is glut2 insulin dependent?

No

What is the main location of GLUT3?

Neurons of the brain (3 - brain needs glucose 24/7)

What is the main role of GLUT 3 =?

Very high-affinity glucose uptake so neurons always get glucose

Is GLUT 4 insulin dependent?

No

What is the main location of GLUT4?

Skeletal and cardiac muscle

Adipose tissue

(4 = Four letters in "MUSC" (muscle) → insulin-responsive)

Which GLUT is insulin dependent?

GLUT 4

What is the primary role for GLUT 4?

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after meals

_______ - Basal glucose uptake (Keeps RBCs and brain supplied at all times)

GLUT 1

______ - Glucose sensing and bidirectional transport

GLUT2 (via liver and pancreas)

_______ - high affinity uptake for neurons

GLUT 3 (it is the brains high-affinity transporter)

________ - insulin mediated glucose uptake

GLUT 4 (4 tissues - skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and those that are insulin respondent)

What is the protein that moves sugar (glucose) and sodium across cell membrane?

SGLT (1 and 2)

What is the main location of SGLT1? `

small intestine and kidney

What is the primary role of SGLT 1?

Absorbs dietary glucose and galactose

What is the location of SGLT 2?

Kidneys

What is the primary role of SGLT 2?

Reabsorbs most of the filtered glucose

What type of transport are the SGLTs?

secondary active

Which SGLT brings glucose into epithelial cells?

SGLT1

Which SGLT brings glucose into kidney cells?

SGLT2

Does GLUT require energy? Does SGLT?

Glut DOES NOT since it is going down the glucose gradiant

SGLT DOES since it is going against the glucose gradiant

• _____ uses Na⁺ to pull glucose into the intestinal cell.

• _____ lets glucose diffuse into the bloodstream.

• SGLT1

• GLUT2

Which transporter is found in pancreatic β-cells and acts as the glucose sensor?

GLUT 2

Which transporters work together to absorb glucose from the intestine or reabsorb it in the kidney?

SGLT1 (intestine) or SGLT2 (kidney) move glucose into the epithelial cell using Na⁺, and GLUT2 moves glucose out of the cell into the bloodstream.

Who contains only GLUT1 for glucose metabolism?

Fetuses

The ______ picks up glucose to release insulin

pancreas (glucose sensing areas)

for muscles and fat to receive glucose, it needs to be done via?

GLUT 4

When someone has diabetes, there is an issue with which GLUT?

GLUT 4 (its insulin dependent) - there is an issue with the muscles and fats absorbing the glucose

Does GLUT (any) use ATP?

no

is GLUT 4 in the membrane?

No its in the cell - when insulin comes along, it triggers GLUT 4 move its way to the membrane to pick up glucose

since GLUT 4 is found in the muscles, what happens in diabetes when someone does not have this?

The muscles are not able to take in sugar causing the person to grow very tired

What brings GLUT4 receptors to the surface?

Insulin and exercise

This brings glucose to the muscles and fat