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Latitude
The distance from the equator. Areas near it are hot (direct sunlight); areas near the poles are cold (spread-out sunlight).
Proximity to large bodies of water
Water heats and cools slowly, stabilizing temperatures nearby. Areas far from water have more extreme temperatures.
Elevation/Altitude
Height above sea level. Higher places are colder due to thinner air, with temperature dropping about 0.6°C per 100 meters.
Windward Side
The side of a mountain facing the wind.Moist air rises, cools, forms clouds, and produces rain.
Leeward Side
The side of a mountain sheltered from the wind.Air descends, warms up, and becomes dry after losing moisture on the windward side.