Ana and Physi (exercise 1 and 2) - lab and lecture vocab

Anatomy

the science of body structures and the relationships among them

Physicology

Science of body functions - how the body parts work

DD: Which of the follwing best defines physcilogy?

the science of body functions and how the parts of the body work

AP: Which of the following is an example of studying physiology rather than anatomy?

Investigating how the heart pumps blood through the body

What is the order of the Structural Organization?

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism

Homeostasis

is the maintenance of relavitly stable conditions in the body’s internal enviroment

Feedback Loop

cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored, reevaluated, and so on

Receptor

body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and send input to a control center

Control center

sets a narrow range or set point within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors , and generates output commands

Effector

Body structure that receives output form the control center and produces a response

Responce

Effect that changes the controlled conditions

Negative Feedback System

reveres a change in controlled conditions (ex. blood presssure)

Positive Feedback System

tends to strengthen or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions (ex. childbirth)

What are some things that can cause a Homoestatic Imbalance?

the environment and your own behavior; your genetic makeup, air you breathe in, food you eat, and even thoughts

Disorder

abnormality of structure or function

Disease

illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

Symptom

Subjective change in body fucntions that someone can not see

sign

observable signs of disease that can be seen

Prone

body lying face down

Supine

body lying facing up

Head consists of…

eyes, nose, mouth, forehead, cheeks, and chin

Neck supports…

the head and attaches to the trunk

Trunk consists of…

shoulder, armpit, arm(shoulder to elbow), forearm, wrist, and hand

Lower limb

attaches to trunk; buttock, thigh, leg (knee to ankle), ankle, and food

Sagittal Plane

line that divides the body or an organ into right and left sides

Median Plane or Midsagittal Plane

midline of the body or an organ that divdes the body into equal left and right sides

Parasagittal Plane

doesn’t pass through the midline; divdes the body or an organ into unequal right and left sides

Coronal Plane or Frontal

Line that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions

Anterior

Front

Posterior

Back

Transverse Plane (can be called cross sectional or horizontal plane)

Horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

Superior

Upper

Inferior

Lower

Oblique Plane

passes through the body or an organ at an oblique angle (not 90 degrees)

Section

cut of the body or one of its organs made along one of the planes just described

Cranial Cavity

contains the brain

Vertebral Canal

bones of the vertebral column; contains spinal cord

Meninges

3 layers of protective tissue

Thoracic Cavity or Chest cavity

formed by ribs, musicles of chest, sternum, and the thoracic portion of the vertabral column

Pericardial Cavity (within the thoracic cavity)

fluid filled space that surrounds the heart

Pleural Cavities

2 fluid filled spaces, one around each lung

Mediastinum

between the lungs (from sternum to vertebral); contains all thoracic organs except the lungs

Diaphragm

dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavtiy

Abdominopelvic Cavity

consists of 2 continuous cavities: abdominal and pelvic

Abdominal Cavity

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

Pelvic Cavity

contains urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and most of the internal organs of the genital system

Membrane

thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions, or connects structures

Serous Membrane

covers visera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities that also lines the wall of the thorax and abdomen

Parietal layer

thin epithelium that lines the wall of the cavities

Visceral Layer

a think epithelium that covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities

Serous Fluid

potentital space that contians a small amount of lubricating fluid to help the viscera slide during movements

Viscera Pleura

clings to the surface of the lungs

Parietal Pleura

lines the chest wall, covering the superior surface of the diaphragm

Pericardium

serous memebrane of the pericardial cavity

Visceral Pericardium

covers the surface of the heart

Parietal Pericardium

lines the chest wall

Peritoneum

serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Abdominopelvic Regions

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lateral, umbilical, left lateral, right inguinal, hypogastric, and left inguinal

Quadrants

Right upper quadrant (RUQ), Left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ)

What is #4?

Acromial

What is #13?

Patellar

What is #14?

crural

What is #15

tarsal

What is #16

digital

What is #27

coxal

What is #28

ingunial

What is #29

manuel

What is #31

pedal

What is #32

occipital

What is #34

vertebral

What is #35

olecranal

What is #37

popliteal

What is #38

sural

What is #39

fibular

What is #40

planter

What is #41

Lumbar

What is #42

Calcaneal

Intermediate

Between 2 structures

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

Contralateral

on opposite sides of the body

proximal

nearer to the point of attachment of limb to trunk or near to the origin structure

distal

farther away from the point of attachment of limb to trunk or near to the origin of structure

Superfical

closer to surface of the body

Deep

farther from the surface of the body

What is #1

Superior

What is #2

posterior

What is #3

anterior

What is #4

proximal

What is #5

distal

What is #6

inferior

What is #1

frontal plane

What is #2

oblique plane

What is #3

transverse plane

What is #4

parasagittal plane

What is #5

midsagittal plane

What is #6

longitudinal section

What is #7

Cross section

what is #1

cranial

what is #2

facial

what is #3

cervical