Psych nervous system

Nervous system

 the body's communication network, consisting of a complex system of nerves, neurons, and specialized cells.

Central nervous system (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord. It serves as the command center of the body

Peripheral Nervous System

consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord

Autonomic Nervous System

Division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions, it operates automatically, without conscious control.

Sympathetic Nervous system

responsible for activating the body’s “fight or flight” response in times of stress or danger

Parasympathetic nervous system

responsible for promoting relaxation and restoring the body to a calm state after experiencing stress or danger

Somatic Nervous System

responsible for controlling voluntary movements and relaying sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

Neurons

Specialized cell that serves as the building block of the nervous system, transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body.

Gilal cells

support cells of the nervous system, provide structural support, insulation, and nourishment

Motor Neurons

nerve cells that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and organs and controlling voluntary and involuntary movements

Sensory neurons

specialized nerve cells that transmit sensory information from sensory receptors, such as those in the skin, muscles, and organs, to the central nervous system

Interneurons

serve as connectors within the central nervous system, relaying signals between sensory neurons and motor neurons

Reflex Arc

Neural pathway that controls reflex actions, allowing for rapid, automatic responses to sensory stimuli without conscious thought

neural transmission

The process by which neurons communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals

Threshold

level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential in a neuron

Action potential

Brief electrical impulse that travels along the axon of a neuron

All or nothing principle

once a neuron reaches its threshold of excitation, it will fire an action potential at full strength

Depolarization

inside of neuron becomes less negative

Multiple Sclerosis

Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord

Myasthenia Gravis

affects the neuromuscular junction, where nerves impulses are transmitted to muscles

Refractory period

brief period following an action potential during which a neuron is unable to generate another action potential

Resting potential

the stable , negative electrical charge that exists across the cell membrane of a neuron when it’s not actively transmitting signals

Reuptake

neurotransmitters that have been realesed in the synapses are reabsorbed by the pre synaptic neuron