A&P - Lab Manual Unit 1

Anatomy

The study of structure

What are the two ways you can study anatomy?

Gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy

Gross anatomy

Study structure with the naked eye

Microscopic anatomy

Studying structure with a microscope

What is anatomical terminology?

Specific terms used to identify and locate body regions and structures.

What is anatomical position?

Standing face forward, arms at the sides, palms facing forward, and legs together.

Supine

Prone

What are the fundamental body divisions?

Axial part and Appendicular part

Axial part

Head, neck, and trunk

Appendicular part

Limbs or appendages

Anterior/Ventral

Posterior/Dorsal

Superior

Inferior

Medial

Lateral

Proximal

Distal

Superficial

Deep

Cranial or Cephalic

Caudal

Right color

Blue

Left color

Red

What are the 3 main anatomical planes?

Transverse (Horizontal), Frontal (Coronal), and Sagittal

Transverse (Horizontal)

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Sagittal Plane

Cephalic Region

Frontal Region

Orbital Region or Ocular Region

Otic Region

Nasal Region

Oral Region

Buccal Region

Mental Region

Cervical Region

Thoracic Region

Mammary Region

Abdominal Region

Umbilical Region

Pelvic Region

Inguinal Region

Pubic Region

Acromial Region

Anatomical Adjectives

Describe specific areas of the body.

Occipital Region

Dorsal Region

Vertebral Region

Lumbar Region

Scapular Region

Sacral Region

Gluteal Region

Perineal Region

Brachial Region

Antebrachial Region

Olecranal Region

Antecubital Region

Carpal Region

Palmar Region

Pollex Region

Digital Region

Crural Region

Femoral Region

Popliteal Region

Patellar Region

Sural Region

Peroneal Region

Tarsal Region

Calcaneal Region

Plantar Region

Hallux Region

Digital Region

Body Cavities

Internal chambers where vital organs are located. These cavities protect the organs and allow for changes in shape and size.​

Dorsal Cavity

Cranial Cavity

Spinal (Vertebral) Cavity

Ventral Cavity

Thoracic Cavity

Pericardial Cavity

L&R Pleural Cavities

Mediastinum Cavity

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

Pelvic Cavity

What are serous membranes?

Delicate, double-layered membranes that line the ventral body cavities and reduce friction between organs and cavity walls.

What are the three types of serous membranes?

Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum.

What does the pleura surround?

The lungs.

What does the pericardium surround?

The heart and the roots of the great vessels

What does the peritoneum surround?

Most organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.

What tissue makes up serous membranes?

Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) and loose connective tissue.

What is the visceral layer?

The layer that covers the organ.

What is the parietal layer?

The layer that lines the cavity wall.

What is the cavity?

The space between the visceral and parietal layers.

What is transudate?

Fluid secreted by serous membranes that reduces friction.

Why is the abdominopelvic region divided into smaller areas?

To help identify the locations of underlying organs.

How many anatomical regions divide the abdominopelvic area?

9

What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?

1. Right hypochondriac

2. Right lumbar

3. Right inguinal/iliac

4. Epigastric

5. Umbilical

6. Hypogastric

7. Left hypochondriac

8. Left lumbar

9. Left inguinal/iliac

Who commonly uses abdominopelvic quadrants?

Physicians, nurses, and other allied health professionals.