Amniote Intro & Non-Avian Reptiles

What major adaptations are found in amniotes

amniote eggs, thicker, keratinized skin, negative pressure ventilation, stronger jaws and tongue, high pressure cv system, water conserving nitrogen excretion, expanded brain and sensory organs

function of extraembryonic membranes

protection, nutrients, gas exchange, waste removal

anapsid skull

one opening, turtles

synapsid skull

one temporal fenestra, mammals

diapsid skull

two temporal fenestra, reptiles

testudines distinguishing features

shell that is not an exoskeleton, keratinized beak

squamates distinguishing features

Kinetic skull, viviparity

squamata examples

Amphisbaenian, lizards, snakes

snake jaw

lower jaw is not fused at the chin

tuatara examples

Sphenodon punctatus

crocodillian examples

Crocodiles, alligators, caimans

how to distinguish crocodiles and alligators

crocodiles teeth are visible, crocodiles have v shaped snouts

Kintetic skull

skull with moveable joints

Viviparity

live births

secondary palate

breathe while mouth full

Thecodont

teeth are set in sockets