Plant Science Exam 2

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89 Terms

1

gymnosperm

represented mainly by narrow-leaved, evergreen trees

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2

angiosperm

usually broad-leaved, flowering plants

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3

gymnosperm (seed)

naked seed

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4

angiosperms (seed)

seeds in fruit (mature)

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5

monocotelydon

grasses, cereals

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6

dicotelydon

legumes, vegetables, flowers

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7

cotyledon leaf veins

parallel

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8

cotyledon flower parts

in multiples of 3

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9

dicotyledon leaf veins

networked

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10

dicotyledon flower parts

multiples of 4/5

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11

female (_________)

pistillate flowers form first

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12

Each corn kernel is an individual fruit (_______)

caryopsis

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13

prokaryotic

no separate subcellular membrane enclosed units bacteria, blue green algae

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14

eukaryotic

membrane enclosed subunits (organelles) nucleus, mitochondria, etc.

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15

nucleus

contains genetic info (DNA, RNA) cell control center

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16

endoplasmic reticulum

smooth-lipids/hormone production

rough-protein synthesis

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17

ribosomes

attached to the ER

protein synthesis

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18

golgi complex

package and transports proteins

forms lysosomes

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19

lysosomes

cellular digestion

proteins, fats, carb digestion

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20

mitochondria

respiration/ATP production

powerhouse of the cell

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21

cell wall

protects cell/structure

movement of materials in and out of cell

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22

vacuole

landfill

filled with fluid

storage, digestion, waste removal

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23

chloroplast

chlorophyll

photosynthesis

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24

vacuoles may occupy up to

90% of cells

storage reserve for water and salts

wall as for toxic products

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25

chloroplasts

chromoplasts with chlorophyll responsible for photosynthesis in leaves/stems light energy is harvested by pigments converted into chemical energy in the form of sugars

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26

tissues

large tracts of organized cells of similar structure

perform a collective function

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27

vegetative organs

roots, stems, leaves

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28

reproductive organs

flowers, fruits, seeds

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29

meristem/meristematic

actively dividing cells

cells divide and differentiate

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30

permanent tissues

develop from differentiating meristem cells

simple-epidermis, parenchyma

complex-xylem, phloem

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31

meristematic tissues list

root

shoot apical

subapical

lateral

intercalary

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32

apical meristems

opposite-produce buds and leaves in uniform patter

alternate-one side of the stem to the other going along the stem

spiral-whorl pattern on stem

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33

subapical meristems elongate and produce new cells to increase stem length between leaves

internode

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34

subapical meristems activity is particularly observed on rosette plants that

bolt to produce flower stems

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35

lateral meristems

vascular cambium

xylem

phloem

cork cambium

bark

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36

stoma

reduce water loss

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37

trichomes

(hairs) on leaves

root hairs

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38

identify these structures

knowt flashcard image
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39

xylem

conduct H2O and dissolved minerals

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40

tracheids

long, tapered, dead cells that conduct water through pits

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41

plant roots

absorb H2O and mineral nutrients

anchor and support

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42

apoplastic pathway

intercellular spaces of the epidermal and cortical cells

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43

symplastic pathway

intracellular pathway thru cells

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44

stolon

modified propagative stems produced above ground

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45

rhizomes

horizontally elongated underground stems with buds at the nodes

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46

corms

underground thickened compressed stems

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47

bulbs

compressed underground stems with many leaves attached

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48

tubers

underground enlarged fleshy stems

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49

leaves primary functions

photosynthesis

transpiration

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50

know these structures

knowt flashcard image
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51

complete flower

sepals

petals

stamen

carpel (pistil)

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52

perfect

both male and female parts

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53

imperfect

either male or female

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54

stamen

anther and filament

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55

carpel (pistil)

stigma, style, ovary, ovule

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56

monoecious

plant has both male and female flowers

corn, soybean, cotton

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57

diecious

plant has either male or female flowers

gingko, holly, waterhemp

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58

if a flower is imperfect then it is

incomplete, monoecious

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59

if the flower is perfect

it is incomplete and monoecious

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60

corymb

an indeterminate inflorescence forming a convex or flat-topped cluster

flowers arise from a central axis on talks (pedicles) of different lengths that bring them all to near the same height

outer flowers typically open first

ex. cherry

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61

cyme

resembles corymb except that the central or topmost flower is the first to open (determinate)

ex. chickweed and strawberry

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62

raceme

single elongated indeterminate arrangement of stalked flowers

ex. mustard and cole crops

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63

spike

elongated, simple, indeterminate inflorescence with sessile (no stalk) flowers

ex. wheat, oats, gladiolus

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64

catkin

a spike with only pistillate or staminate flowers

ex. alder, walnut and willow

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65

panicle

indeterminate branching raceme found in many of the grasses

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66

umbel

indeterminate cluster of flowers of equal length and arise from a common

ex. dill and onions

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67

head

short dense spike

flowers are borne directly on a broad, flat peduncle

ex. daises, sunflowers

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68

spadix

complete densely flowered spike surrounded by a spathe

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69

pericarp

can develop into many different fruit structures

ex. orange peel

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70

simple fruit

a single ovary formed from one flower

categorized as fleshy, semi-fleshy, or dry texture of the mature perircarp

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71

fleshy fruits

entire pericarp and accessory parts develop into succulent tissue

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72

drupe

simple fruit derived from a single carpel

ex. peaches, plums, cherries

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73

exocarp

the outer layer becomes the thin skin

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74

mesocarp

the middle layer becomes thick and fleshy

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75

endocarp

the inner layer

becomes hard and stony referred to as the pit (not the seed)

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76

berry

pulpy fruit from one or more carpels

fleshy at maturity

develops few to many seeds

ex. grapes

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77

haperidium

several carpels with inner pulp

juice sacs or vesicles enclosed in a leathery rind

ex. oranges

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78

pepo

an inferior ovary that develops from multiple carpels

outer (edible) portion are derived from the floral tube and receptacle surrounds the multiple carpels

ex. cucumbers

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79

pome

simple fruit made up of several carpels

outer (Edible) portion are derived from the floral tube and reeptacle surrounds the multiple carpels

ex. apple

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80

dehiscent

do not split open when mature

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81

caryopsis

one-seeded surrounded by thin pericarp

adheres tightly to the true see

ex. corn

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82

nut

one-seeded fruit: thick, hard, stony pericarp

ex. oak

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83

samara

one-seeded (elm) or a two-seeded (maple) fruit with a wing-like structure formed from the ovary wall

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84

aggregate fruits

form from several ovaries true fruits attached to or contained within a receptacle or an accessory structure

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85

strawberries have many

achenes (true fruits) each attached to a single fleshy receptacle

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86

blackberries and raspberries

have individual small drupes attached to the fleshy receptacle

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87

achene

simple, one seeded, thin-walled fruit attached to an ovary wall

often mistaken for seeds

strawberry fruits

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88

multiple fruits

develop from many individual ovaries fused into a single structure borne on a common stalk

the pineapple is a large accessory structure covered with seedless (parthenocarpic) berries

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89

seeds contain 3 basic parts

embryo

food storage tissue

seed coat

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