Unit 10 AP Psych

level of dysfunction

measures the extent a mental disorder impairs someone from their daily life.

perception of distress

the point where individuals interpret their sensations as unmanageable.

deviation from the social norm

behavior that is not acceptable to a society.

eclectic approach

using more than one psychological perspective when diagnosing and treating clients.

The behavioral perspective

Focus on maladaptive learned associations between or among responses to stimuli

The psychodynamic perspective

focus on unconscious thoughts and experiences, often developed during childhood.

The humanistic perspective

focus on a lack of social support and being unable to fulfill one’s potential

The cognitive perspective

focus on maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions.

The evolutionary perspective

proposes that the causes of mental disorders, focus on behaviors and mental processes that reduce the likelihood of survival.

The sociocultural perspective

focus on maladaptive social and cultural relationships and dynamics.

The biological perspective

proposes that the causes of mental disorders focus on physiological or genetic issues.

The biopsychosocial model

assumes that any psychological problem potentially involves a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Diathesis-stress model

assumes that psychological disorders develop due to a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) in combination with stressful life experiences (stress).

Neurodevelopmental disorders

attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)- autism spectrum disorder (ASD)- environmental, physiological, or genetic in nature.

Anxiety Disorders

Specific phobia, Agoraphobia, Panic disorder, Social anxiety disorder, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Dissociative Disorders

disconnection from reality. dissociative amnesia (with and without fugue), dissociative identity disorder.

Personality Disorders clusters

Cluster A is the odd or eccentric cluster and includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. Cluster B is the dramatic, emotional, or erratic cluster and includes antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorders. Cluster C is the anxious or fearful cluster and includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.

Psychodynamic therapies

employ free association and dream interpretation to uncover the unconscious mind.

Cognitive Therapies

may employ cognitive restructuring or fear hierarchies to combat maladaptive thinking. Cognitive therapy proposes that people should focus on the cognitive triad—negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future.

Applied behavior analysis (Behavior Therapy)

involves applying principles of conditioning to address mental disorders and developmental disabilities. Exposure therapies (such as systematic desensitization), aversion therapies, and token economies all employ principles of applied behavior analysis. Biofeedback uses principles of conditioning to help clients regulate body systems (such as the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) that contribute to feelings of anxiety or depression.

Cognitive-behavioral therapies

dialectical behavior therapy, rational-emotive behavior therapy.

Humanistic Perspective

person-centered therapy, employs active listening and unconditional positive regard.

Hypnosis

effectiveness in treating pain and anxiety. Research does not support the use of hypnosis to retrieve accurate memories

Psychoactive Medications

antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, lithium, antipsychotic medications. Psychoactive medications can have side effects such as tardive dyskinesia (a movement disorder related to the regulation of dopamine in the nervous system).