ch12 - transmission of pathogens

What does transmission mean 

Transfer of pathogens from an infected to noninfected host 

What is direct transmission 

Pathogens going directly from one host to another 

What is indirect transmission 

Pathogens going from one host to another via an intermediate 

What is a Vector and name an example

something that carries a pathogen from one host to another 

e.g. mosquitoes, wind

how does the wind act as a vector

it can carry spores

what are spores

a small reproductive cell (produced by some organisms e.g. fungi) which can develop into a new organism without fertilisation

Name the 3 modes of direct transmission in animals 

Direct contact e.g. sexual contact 

Inoculation e.g. using the same needles 

Airborne droplets e.g. coughing or sneezing

Name 3 modes of indirect contact in animals 

Vectors e.g. mosquitos 

Ingestion e.g. drinking/eating contaminated food

Fomites e.g. inanimate objects like dirty socks 

Name a mode of direct transmission in plants 

Direct contact e.g. a healthy plant with an unhealthy plant 

Name 2 modes of indirect transmission in plants 

Vectors e.g. wind, insects, humans, water

Contaminated soil

Name 2 factors that increase the risk of communicable diseases 

-overcrowded living conditions = increases risk of direct contact 

-warmer climate allows vectors e.g. mosquitos to breed and reproduce