A+P lab quiz (cell and cell physiology)

Cell Membrane

decides what can pass through and into the cell

Molecules that can pass through cell membrane

lipid soluble (fats,hormones,oils)

small (O2,CO2)

uncharged (O2,CO2)

Molecules that can’t pass through cell membrane

water souble (includes water)

large molecules

charge (Na+,K+,Ca2+)

Nucleus

Hold genetic material,controls protein synthesis

Nuclear Membrane

Barrier to separate genetic material on inside from the cytoplasm ,regulates what comes in and out

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomal RNA

Nuclear pore

Allows large things to cross the membrane ex: rRNA

Cytosol(cytoplasm)

Cytosol -everything cell membrane to nuclear membrane cytoplasm (liquid component) and organelles

Ribosomes

Protein synthesis (make)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Receives and Modify proteins(fold proteins)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

detoxification(liver),synthesis carbohydrates and lipids

Golgi Apparatus

Modify ,Sort and package proteins and lipids and carbs for secretion , receives things from endoplasmic reticulum

Centrioles

Separates chromosomes during cell division

Microvilli(cell surface)

Absorbs (increases surface area)

Cilia (cell surface)

Move things along the cell surface (ex:mucus)

Flagella(cell surface)

Tails only on sperm , the only organelle that moves human cell

Mitochondria

Makes ATP(cellular energy)

Vesicle

Hold things

Simple Diffusion

high to low

Osmosis

movement of water through proteins in cell membrane (aquaporin proteins)

Solute

things dissolved

Solvent

things that does the dissolving ,almost dissolving always water

Isotonic

when both are the same

Hypotonic

lower concentration solution

Hypertonic

higher concentration solution

passive transports

no energy required

spontaneous : high to low

Osmosis , simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion (helped diffusion from a protein)

Active transport

need energy(mitochondria)

low concentration to high concentration

“pump”