Photosynthesis LIKE CELLULAR RESPIRATION BUT IN REVERSE

Photosynthesis

Process where light energy is used to synthesize carbohydrates by reducing CO2 and oxidizing H2O.

Light reactions

Initial stage of photosynthesis using light energy to produce ATP, NADPH, and O2 in thylakoid membranes.

Calvin cycle

Second stage of photosynthesis occurring in the stroma, using ATP and NADPH to incorporate CO2 into carbohydrates.

Absorption spectrum

Wavelengths absorbed by pigments in photosynthesis.

Action spectrum

Rate of photosynthesis at specific wavelengths by the whole plant.

Photosystems I and II

Complexes in thylakoid membranes where light excites pigment molecules to drive photosynthesis.

ATP synthesis

Process in chloroplasts using photophosphorylation to generate ATP via chemiosmosis.

Three chemical products

Oxygen, NADPH, and ATP produced during photosynthesis.

Calvin Cycle phases

Carbon fixation, reduction, carbohydrate production, and RuBP regeneration.

Variations in Photosynthesis

Factors like light intensity, temperature, and water availability influencing photosynthesis efficiency.

Photorespiration

Process favored in hot, dry environments with low CO2 and high O2 levels.

C4 plants

Plants with a mechanism to minimize photorespiration, having a two-cell layer organization.

C3 vs

Comparison based on environmental conditions where C4 plants are more efficient in warm, dry climates.

CAM plants

Plants using Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, separating processes by opening stomata at night.