5000 Year Leap: Principles 15-28

The Founders considered land and the products of Earth as a \_____ from \_______.

gift, God

To gain dominion or subdue means to have \____________ \___________.

exclusive control

Without ownership or property rights, four things would occur. Name two

incentive destroyed, deprived of fruits of labor, Marauding bands, bare subsistence level

Ownership means to have legally protected \_______________.

exclusiveness

At what point, according to Locke does something in nature become one's property?

As soon as he puts labor into it.

How did Locke show that the socialist argument of having all things common is impractical and fallacious?

If everyone owned everything, one would have to ask everyone's permission to pick up an apple and he would starve to death.

What is sacred: property or the right to property

The right to property

Give the reason Abraham Lincoln said we should let people become rich.

So that all can see it is possible to become rich

Private property is really an extension of one's \______.

life

Taking from the haves and giving to the have-nots is a violation of \_____________ rights.

property

The best story to illustrate how a congressman learned that it is unconstitutional for the government to redistribute wealth is the account of Congressman \_______ \___________.

Davy Crockett

Which president said in his veto message of a private welfare bill "though the \__________support the \_____________ the \____________ should not support the \___________."

Grover Cleveland, people, government, government, people

According to president Cleveland, how should the misfortunes of citizens be relieved?

By the charity of fellow citizens

Prior to \_______ the Supreme Court held that redistribution of wealth was "contrary to the \________ and \_______ of the Constitution.

1936, letter, spirit

The Founders search for a system of economics built on natural law concepts was answered in \_____ by the publication of \______________________.

1776, The Wealth of Nations

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?

Adam Smith

A nation is wealthy if its citizens have \_____________________________________.

things that make life comfortable

\________ \________ said "wealth is not \_______ or \________.

Adam Smith, gold, silver

The formula for making things abundant and cheap contains five elements. Name three

specialized production, buying and selling in a free market, supply and demand, profits to make an exchange worthwhile, competition

This book can be summarized in four laws of economic freedom. The freedom to \____, \_____, \_____, and \_____.

try, buy, sell, fail

The most destructive force to a free market economy \__________________ \______________.

government interference

The Founders agreed government should be involved in four things. Name three

illegal force, fraud, monopoly, debauchery

Adam Smith's formula ceased to be taught beginning around \_______. Instead, the world became fascinated with a philosophy of \________ \________.

1900, Karl Marx

The process of a bank issuing many times more paper notes than it has in assets is \____________ \__________ \____________.

fractional reserve banking

Describe the bankers' reaction to Lincoln's program of raising money without debt.

They feared it and editorialized against it.

Name the three types of government discussed anciently by philosophers.

monarchy, aristocracy, democracy

What famous Greek historian first proposed a mixed constitution?

Polybius

What advantage did Polybius see in a "rule by one"?

Efficiency

What advantage did Polybius see in a "rule by wealthy few"?

Maintained the established order

What advantage did Polybius see in a "rule by many"?

Everyone has a voice

Name the Frenchman of the 18th century who picked up these ideas and showed how they could really work?

Baron Charles de Montesquieu

What major difference did he have in his plan?

Judiciary

What question concerning the presidency was much debated in the Constitutional Convention?

How many presidents should we have

Who pushed for the separation of powers doctrine before most people would accept it?

John Adams

What state did John Adams finally get to accept it?

Massachusetts

What did people predict about how people would remember him in history?

They would erect no monuments nor give any elaborate eulogies.

Montesquieu's formula for government could be said to provide a division of power that is "\___________ \_____ \__________________"

separate but coordinated

What great prediction did John Adams make about America that has come to pass?

It would have 200-300 million people without one noble or king among them

Some people wanted the three branches of government to be so completely separated that it would have made the whole system \__________________.

unworkable

\_________________ said you must have branches separate in their functions but subject to the \__________ of other departments

Montesquieu, checks

Some checks from outside the system have been tried which presented more problems. Name one they tried.

Council of Censors, vote of the people

They finally concluded that the system of checks and balances must come from \___________ not from \___________.

inside, outside

How many checks does the Constitution allow?

18

Explain one check

House checks senate by not passing a bill

Explain the second check

Senate checks House by not passing a bill

Explain the third check

President checks Congress by veto

Explain the fourth check

Congress checks President by overriding veto

Explain the fifth check

Congress can impeach executive and judicial

Throughout history how has a ruler dealt with most crisis situations?

Suspended constitution and used military to stay in power

The Founders' system of checks and balances provide for "peaceful \________ \___________.

self-repair

What is an example of peace self-repair"

President Nixon's resignation

One weakness of Anglo-Saxon common law was that it was not \____________?

written

After the Anglo-Saxons were conquered in \_________ AD, several attempts were made by \_________________ to get the king to recognize their rights.

1066, Englishmen

Several attempts were made by Englishmen to get the king to recognize their rights. Name two of their written documents;

Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights

The first written agreement in the New World to bind community members together was the \_________________ \_____________.

Mayflower Compact

Who wrote the first constitution in America?

Rev. Thomas Hooker

What was the first constitution in America called?

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)

Our written constitution represents the wisdom of \______.

many

Name one disastrous change made to the Constitution that caused this damage.

The 17th amendment

What was one of the problems in the Articles of Confederation?

it required 100% to pass a law

What part of people can speak for the whole?

the majority

Why would requiring a two-thirds or three-fourths vote for the passage of routine legislation would be dangerous?

The minority can negate the will of the majority

What rights do individuals in the minority possess?

The same as all others

What provision is there in the Constitution to protect the minority from an unjust law passed by the majority?

The right to a jury by peers

\______________ said the key to preserving freedom is to divide and subdivide the power of government into \________________________________.

Jefferson, small manageable units

Jefferson identified a 100-family unit as a \________. Today we call it a \______________.

ward, precinct

Name one main duty assigned to the federal government.

Defense, foreign relations

Name one main duty assigned to the state government.

civil rights, laws

Name one main duty assigned to the county government.

roads, sheriff

Name one main duty assigned to the city government.

sewer, streets, police, fire

Name one main duty assigned to the family government.

farm, children

Name two conditions that result from being governed by the whims of men.

nothing is dependable, no rights are secure, constant state of flux

What is law defined as?

a rule of action

The Founders agreed there is no \_______________ without \______.

freedom, law

Explain how law preserves and enlarges freedom.

Gives freedom from fear, therefore people feel free to act

Madison said good law is \_____ and \___________________.

few, understandable

What did Plato say we didn't have to do?

Write any laws down

What did Plato say we should do?

Elect the philosopher-king elite to rule us

What did the Founders think of Plato's ideas?

utter nonsense

The Founders Fathers were the first to believe that the whole people should be \_______________.

educated

France had a literacy rate of about \_______.

two percent

In 1647, Massachusetts passed a law requiring a community of \___ families to have a \____________ school.

50, grammar

A community of 100 families was required to have a \________________ school.

secondary

John Adams wrote, in 1765, an American who could not read or write was as rare as \__________________________________.

a comet or an earthquake

According to Adams, what do rulers dread most?

People's knowledge of their character and conduct

Name two functions of a good school board in early America.

visit each school monthly, select textbooks, select and certify teachers

Describe three things about the civility of the American pioneers.

well dressed, well spoken, industrious, religious, knowledgeable about events

What book were school children studying about politics?

The Catechism on the Constitution

\______________ \____________ said that the Americans were speaking \___________ better than the \_____________.

Daniel Webster, English, English

According to Webster, the \__________ was the best source of knowledge about \__________________ and \________________.

Bible, responsibility, dignity

Give the three-part formula for a good educational system.

locally supported, parental directed, professionally assisted

What does prosperity usually attract?

Predators

How much defense did the Founders feel was necessary?

Enough to discourage attacks

The Founders believed national defense had two essential components. Name them.

virtue, military

Franklin and Washington said the best way to preserve peace was to be \_______________________.

prepared for war

Franklin warned: Make yourselves \_________ and the \____________ will eat you.

sheep, wolves

From 1945 to 1980, the U.S. had followed the philosophy of Mutually Assured \_________________.

Destruction

What program of defense did President Reagan attempt to implement?

SDI

Sam Adams felt that because freedom is given by God, man must not \__________________________.

give it away

The Founders idea of remaining friends with all nations but having no political ties is called \________________.

separatism