Why was Asia so useful for Europe
Asia provided Europe with highly valuable recourses such as Spices, silk, gemstones, gold etc.
What is the silk road
many conjoined networks of caravan roads and pathways that connected East Asia with Europe and the Middle East
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Why was Asia so useful for Europe
Asia provided Europe with highly valuable recourses such as Spices, silk, gemstones, gold etc.
What is the silk road
many conjoined networks of caravan roads and pathways that connected East Asia with Europe and the Middle East
How was the silk road captured
As the Mongol Empire started to decline in power and fall in the during the 14th and 15th centuries, the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453 gaining control of the many routes connected to the silk road.
Why did the silk road become less profitable
The Ottoman empire put extremely high tariffs on recourses going through the silk road.
What alternative did the Europeans find for travelling to Asia and why was that alternative chosen?
they decided to go by boat as it was a faster, cheaper and more efficient than other routes on land.
Who thought of sailing West from Spain to Asia
Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli, then Columbus took on his idea
Who did Columbus attempt to fund his trips before he went to the Spanish monarch?
He took his plans to the Portuguese, the Venetians, and English Royalty.
what were the names of the Spanish monarchy
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
When was Jerusalem seized by the Muslisms
Jerusalem was seized by the Muslisms/infadels in 638 CE and under the Fatimid Caliphate’s rule, Christian’s and Jewish people were strictly disallowed into the city.
What war caused did the Spanish win that allowed them to enslave many Taino and force them to work in the Cibao mine
The war in Santo Cerro lead to the defeat of the rebellious Taino people
What were the Taino people forced to do after the war at Santo Cerro? What were the punishments if they didn’t do so?
All Taino people above the age of 14 had to give a tribute of gold the size of a hawks bell every three months and if not they were punished via: The cutting off of hands, the Taino to be tortured, fed to the dogs, or burned alive.
What had happened when the Spanish voyagers returned back to Haiti?
39 men they left at Fort Navidad had been murdered by the indigenous Taino people.
Who did Columbus order to kill the Taino people who were rebelling against orders?
Alonso de Ojeda
When Columbus realized that Haiti might not have been part of Asia, what did he do?
Columbus made all his crew sign an oath that Cuba was a part of Asia, if not, they were to be severely flogged, fined a thousand maravedis, or have their tongues slashed
WHat did Columbus do when he didn’t find enough gold for his promised funds?
He turned to the capturing of slaves, he captured th 500 best looking slaves and loaded them onto ships
Quote for Silk road
“By his estimate, Asia (specifically Japan, or Cipangu) lay only 2,500 miles west of Spain … he was mistaken by roughly 8,000 miles - by Simeon Netchev
What was Japan called in the 15th century
Chipangu
Quote for Spanish Monarchy’s desire to retake Jerusalem
“I swore to Your Highnesses that all the profits from this enterprise of mine should be spent on the reconquest of Jerusalem” - Diary entry first voyage
quote for Columbus’ perspective
“Let us in the name of the Holy trinity go on sending all the slaves that can be sold” Diary Entry first voyage
second quote for Columbus’ perspective
“In seven years from today I will be able to pay Your Highnesses for five thousand calvary and fifty thousand foot soldiers for the war and conquest of Jerusalem.” - Diary entry first voyage
What was the name of the Taino Chief and his brother?
Caonabo and his brother, Mayreni
What were the name of the forts that the Taino people raided
Magdalena, San Thomas and La Navidad
Where do the Taino people go when they flee from the Spanish people
To the mountains to have the advantage of the high ground and protect themselves
What did many Taino people do when they were eventually captured and forced to do slave labour?
They commited mass suicide through consuming cassava poision to themselves and their families
How many Taino people died in the first two years through murder and suicide?
over 125,000
At what year are almost all Taino people annihilated and extinct?
1650
Why did the Taino people kill the Spaniards at Fort Navidad?
The Spanish were continuously demanding gold, raping Taino women, as well as other aggressive actions
What did the encomienda system mean
It allowed the Spanish Voyagers to imprison and enslave non-Christian Taino people
What did the Taino people believe if they committed suicide?
That they would be more welcomed and respected by their God Maquetaurie Quayaba
quote for Taino perspectives
“I saw cruelty on a scale no living being has ever seen or expects to see… they thought nothing of cutting slices off them to test the sharpness of their blades.” - Bartolome de las Casas second voyage
Name the diseases that spread from the old world to the New world
Smallpox, measles, whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, typhus, and malaria
What was the name of the disease spread from the new world to the old world
Syphilis
Wat were the effects of the diseases brought over on the indigenous native American people’s population?
80-95% of the population was decimated within the first 100-150 years
affects of disease quote
“the least affected tribes lost 80 percent of their populations, the most affected lost their whole populations and the average society lost 90 percent of their population” - Historian David Cook
How was syphilis spread?
Columbus and his crew caught it through sexual contact with the natives. When many of his crew got back, they joined a military campaign that laid siege to Naples where many of the voyagers had sexual intercourse with many different prostitutes in the towns they were going through. Leading to very quick spread of the disease.
How quickly did Syphilis spread?
All of Europe in 2 years - 1497
Africa, the middle east and India one year later - 1498
China - 1505
Australia - 1515
How many African were transported to the Americas
approximately 12 million
What were the main purposes of the African slaves
To harvest crops such as sugar can and tobacco
How many Africans died in the voyages to the Americas
2 million
Why did the European’s chose the AFrican’s for slavery
The African’s were more immune to the diseases from the old world and have been in contact with Africa for a while and there have been much less deaths from these diseases, the Africans were ideal for enslaving
What did the Europeans trade with the African for slaves
Weapons like guns, alcohol, and European goods
what were the effects on Africa from the slave trade
Population - Most slaves taken were men, this resulted in there to be an extremely large population decrease due to there being not enough men to bring back up the population through reproduction
War - In desperate hope to get the recourses from the Spanish. The Native African tribes raided each other and took people as prisoner and sold them off to slavery. With the introduction of guns to Africa there were many gun wars between tribes. When slavery was abolished in Europe, Many African tribe’s economy’s collapsed due to them relying on the income of the European goods and them selling off all their workers to slavery
Trauma - There was multi-generational trauma throughout Africa for people who lost members of their families to the slave trade
Why did many African slaves commit suicide?
They believed that when they died, they would go back home and be at peace again
How were African’s treated on the Boats?
Africans were crammed into boats with no spare room resulting in quick and fast disease spread. Warshippes with crammed with over 400 slaves per boat
quote for altlantic slave trade
“The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable” - Olaudah Equiano