Pharm 2 Histamine, Serotonin, Ergot Alkaloid

rachels quizlet

What is the definition of Autacoids?

Endogenous substances with complex physiologic and pathophysiologic functions; commonly taken to include histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, vasoactive peptides, leukotrienes and cytokines

What is the definition of Ergotism?

(St. Anthony's fire) Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids; classically an epidemic caused by consumption of grain contaminated by ergot fungus

What is edema caused by?

dilation of postcapillary vessels and separation of endothelial cells

What drugs can displace histamine from its bound state within cells?

Morphine and Tubocurarine

What does Histamine stimulate in the GI tract?

gastric acid secretion, pepsin, and intrinsic factor

What is the triple response?

Intradermal injection of histamine causes a red spot, followed by edema, and flare

How can ingestion of spoiled fish cause the same side effects of histamine toxicity?

caused by histamine produced by bacteria in the flesh of the fish

Toxicity of Histamine can cause?

Flushing, tachycardia, hypotension, headache, wheals, bronchoconstriction, and GI upset

What are the indications of Cyproheptadine?

vascular headaches, appetite stimulant

What drug is given along with an Epi pen during anaphylaxis?

Diphenhydramine

How do Hydroxyzine hydrochloride and Hydroxyzine pamoate differ?

Hydro is marketed as antipruritic and Pam is marketed as anxiolytic

What drug is indicated for motion sickness?

Meclizine

What antihistamine is given along with vitamin B6 in pregnancy to reduce N/V?

Doxylamine

What drugs are antihistamines?

● Chlorpheniramine (first, sedating)

● Brompheniramine (first, sedating)

● Diphenhydramine (first, sedating)

● Cetirizine (Second, nonsedating)

● Levocetirizine (Second, nonsedating)

● Desloratadine (Second, nonsedating)

● Fexofenadine (Second, nonsedating)

What type of antihistamine should be used for the elderly population?

2nd generation

What is produced from Tryptophan?

Serotonin

Where is 90% of Serotonin stores in the body?

found in the enterochromaffin cells of the gut

What does Serotonin serve as a precursor to?

melatonin in the pineal gland

Which medications can cause Serotonin Syndrome?

SSRI, SNRI, TCA, MAOI, St. John's wort, lithium (2 or more)

What drug is contraindicated for CAD that can cause hemispheric migraines?

Sumatriptan

What drug is a controlled substance and is not contraindicated in patients with vascular disease?

Lasmiditan

What drugs are vasoconstrictors?

• Angiotensin II

• Vasopressin

• Endothelins

• Neuropeptide Y

• Urotensin

What drugs are vasodilators?

•A (Adrenomedullin)

•Bunny (Bradykinin)

•Can (Calcitonin gene-related peptide)

•Not (Natriuretic peptides)

•Sit (Substance P)

•Next (Neurotensin)

•to

•Vipers (Vasoactive intestinal peptide)

Where is Renin synthesized and stored?

juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney

What converts enzyme activates angiotensin I and inactivates bradykinin?

ACE

What stimulates aldosterone synthesis?

Angiotensin II

Angiotensin inhibits the secretion of?

Renin

What are the indications for Captopril?

CHF, HTN, reduce risk of MI, stroke and for diabetic nephropathy

What is a common contraindication for Captopril?

ACEI induced angioedema

What does ARB mean?

Angiotensin Receptor-Blocking Agents (-sartans)

What drugs are more selective blockade of angiotensin II than the ACEIs?

ARBs

What drugs should not be used with NSAIDs, potassium sparing diuretics?

Losartan and Valsartan

How do Renin Inhibitors work?

Cleavage of angiotensinogen by renin is the rate-limiting step in the formation of Angiotensin II

What drug is indicated for treatment of acute attacks of HAE?

Icatbant

Kininase II is identical to?

ACE

What drug is a Recombinant kallikrein inhibitor?

Ecallantide

What is used as a marker for CHF?

BNP

What do ANP and BNP stand for?

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ; B - brain

What does ANP inhibit?

angiotensin II and norepinephrine induced vasoconstriction

What is the MOA of Nesiritide?

activates guanylyl cyclase

What drug is indicated for treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension?

Bosentan

What is a 28 amino-acid peptide related structurally to secretin and glucagon?

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

What drug is a pain modulator, made from red chile pepper?

Substance P (Capsaicin)

What drug is indicated for prevention of acute and delayed N & V assoc. with chemotherapy?

Aprepitant

What does CGRP mean?

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide

What is the most potent vasodilator yet discovered?

CGRP

What drug binds to the CGRP receptor and not to CGRP?

Erenumab

What drug is the first orally active CGRP?

Ubrogepant

Adrenomedullin levels increase during?

Exercise

What causes increased feeding, hypothermia, and respiratory depression?

Neuropeptide Y

What drug production is upregulated in patients with end-stage CHF?

Urotensin