History Final

Teapot Dome Scandal

1920s bribery scandal involving oil leases; exposed corruption in Harding’s administration.

The Space Race

Cold War rivalry between U.S. and USSR in space exploration; led to the 1969 moon landing.

Flappers

1920s women who challenged gender norms; symbolized social and cultural change.

Military Industrial Complex

Eisenhower’s warning about growing power of defense industries in shaping U.S. policy.

The Great Migration

Movement of Black Americans from South to North (1910s–70s); reshaped cities and politics.

NATO

1949 U.S.-led alliance formed to counter Soviet influence in Europe during the Cold War.

Harlem Renaissance

1920s revival of Black art and culture; fostered pride and civil rights awareness

Suburbanization

Post-WWII shift to suburbs; driven by GI Bill, highways, and housing demand.

Scopes Trial

1925 trial over teaching evolution; highlighted religion vs. science in schools.

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 Supreme Court case ending school segregation; major civil rights victory

Department Stores

Grew in the late 1800s–early 1900s; promoted mass consumerism and new shopping culture.

Rosa Parks

Refused to give up her bus seat in 1955; sparked Montgomery Bus Boycott and civil rights action.

Stock Market Crash of 1929

Collapse of stock market that triggered the Great Depression

Emmett Till

1955 murder of Black teen in Mississippi; brought national attention to racial violence

Bonus Army

WWI veterans demanding early bonus in 1932; removed by force, hurting Hoover’s image.

Baby Boom

Surge in U.S. births after WWII (1946–64); shaped economy and culture for decades

FDR / The New Deal

1930s programs to combat the Great Depression; expanded federal government’s role

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

1930 law raising tariffs; worsened the Great Depression by hurting global trade

Dust Bowl

1930s drought and dust storms in the Midwest; led to mass migration west

Huey Long

Louisiana politician who promoted wealth redistribution; challenged FDR’s New Deal

Pearl Harbor

1941 Japanese attack on U.S. naval base; caused U.S. to enter WWI

Bracero Program

Brought Mexican laborers to U.S. farms during WWII; continued through 1964

Rosie the Riveter

Icon of women working industrial jobs during WWII; represented wartime gender shifts

Tuskegee Airmen

First Black military pilots in WWII; helped challenge segregation in the military.

Japanese Internment

WWII policy that forcibly relocated Japanese Americans; later deemed unconstitutional

Truman Doctrine

1947 policy to aid nations resisting communism; marked start of U.S. Cold War involvement.

Marshall Plan

U.S. aid to rebuild Europe after WWII; aimed to stop spread of communism

Berlin Blockade

1948 Soviet blockade of West Berlin; U.S. responded with successful airlift.

JFK-Nixon Televised Debate

First televised presidential debate (1960); appearance influenced public opinion.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Civil rights leader who promoted nonviolence; key figure in ending segregation

Great Society

LBJ’s 1960s programs to fight poverty, promote education, and expand civil rights.

The Feminine Mystique

1963 book by Betty Friedan; criticized gender roles and sparked feminist movement

Silent Spring

1962 book by Rachel Carson; exposed dangers of pesticides, started environmental activism.

Living Room War

Vietnam War nickname; first war widely broadcast on TV, shifting public opinion.

Crisis of 1968

Year of political chaos: MLK and RFK assassinations, riots, and Vietnam protests

Energy Crisis

1970s oil shortages caused gas lines, inflation, and energy policy changes

Deindustrialization

Decline of U.S. manufacturing in late 1900s; led to job losses and urban decline