Orgo Exam 2 - Isomers and Newman Projections

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11 Terms

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isomers

same chemical formula

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constitutional isomers

  • change in atom connectivity

  • biggest difference in properties (can have diff functional groups)

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stereoisomers

change in 3D orientation

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enantiomers

  • stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other (perfectly opposite)

  • all stereocenters = opposite R/S

  • equal magnitude and opposite sign optical rotation (-27 degrees and 27 degrees)

  • identical other chemical properties

  • always exactly 1 for any chiral molecule

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diastereomers

  • stereoisomers that aren’t non-superimposable mirror images of each other (not perfectly opposite)

  • some but not all stereocenters have opposite R/S

  • unrelated optical rotation

  • similar but different other chemical properties

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conformers

change in bond rotation/conformation

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identical

all are the same!

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totally eclipsed (SYN)

  • highest energy

  • least stable

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gauche

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eclipsed

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anti

  • most stable (largest groups are 180 degrees away from each other)