Police

What are the primary reasons why civil suits against police officers are important?

They provide accountability, compensate victims with monetary damages, and encourage better policies and training.

What does the Fourth Amendment protect against?

Unreasonable searches and seizures.

What is Geographic Profiling used for in policing?

To identify the likely residence or base of operations for serial offenders.

What are the key elements of Compstat in policing?

Accurate and timely intelligence, effective tactics, rapid deployment, and relentless follow-up and assessment.

Define Evidence-Based Policing.

A policing strategy that uses scientific research to evaluate and improve policing practices.

What is the difference between Tactical and Strategic Intelligence in Intelligence-Led Policing?

Tactical intelligence focuses on immediate threats and apprehensions, while strategic intelligence looks at long-term trends and resource planning.

What is one major change in policing post-9/11?

The shift towards prevention and preparedness, with increased collaboration with federal agencies.

What are the requirements for a valid warrant according to the Fourth Amendment?

Neutral, detached magistrate, probable cause, and particularity.

What is the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree doctrine?

Evidence derived from illegal actions must also be excluded from court.

What is the role of Internal Affairs (IA) in policing?

To investigate all complaints against police officers.

What tools does Computer-Assisted Training use to improve officer skills?

Highly realistic simulators like FATS (Firearms Training System) for stress training and decision-making practice.

What are the two types of Intelligence identified in Intelligence-Led Policing?

Tactical intelligence and strategic intelligence.

What are the key differences between Intelligence-Led Policing and Problem-Oriented Policing?

ILP uses broader intelligence networks and operates beyond a single agency, while POP focuses on local problem-solving using the SARA model.

What constitutes a 'Stop' according to Fourth Amendment standards?

A seizure that occurs if a reasonable person wouldn’t feel free to leave.

What is the Good-Faith Exception?

Evidence that is admissible if the officer reasonably relied on a defective warrant or incorrect judicial information.

What are the two major types of torts that can be brought against police officers?

Intentional torts and negligence torts.

What does the Exclusionary Rule prevent?

It prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.

What is the SARA model in Problem-Oriented Policing?

Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment.

What must happen for Miranda Rights to be required?

Both custody (a reasonable person would not feel free to leave) and interrogation (questions designed to elicit incriminating responses) must occur.

What is the purpose of Crime Mapping in modern policing?

To analyze crime locations using spatial analysis and identify hot spots for more efficient tactical decisions.

What does the acronym CALEA stand for?

Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies.