PSY 270 First Exam

Until the 1970s, hysterical disorders were diagnosed only in women. In fact, the term "hysteria" derives from the Greek hysteron, which means ___________.

Uterus

Rocky Starr is a rocker who wears outlandish female makeup and women’s clothing when performing on stage. This behavior is considered

less abnormal than that of the business man because it contributes to his job success.

Drugs often seem to work in a manner by reaching higher areas of the cortex where thinking occurs last. This is called _____________.

bottom-up processing

The Electra complex, the psychosexual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development in girls, is characterized by

penis envy

Which of the following statements is TRUE? (Glial Cells)

There are different types of glial cells with several specific functions.

Moral treatment for mental patients involved

treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible.

After college graduation, two of your friends are interested in careers in the helping professions. Anna wants to become a psychiatrist; Carl plans on becoming a psychologist. Since you are taking a course in Abnormal Psychology, they ask you for career advice. You would tell

Anna to apply to medical school and Carl to study psychology at the graduate level.

Our understanding of psychology as an integrated process is in part a function of ___________.

all of the above (psychology is an integrated process)

According to the diathesis-stress model, psychopathology is the result of the

interaction of an inherited tendency and events in a person's life.

In terms of their typical patterns, schizophrenia follows a chronic course, while mood disorders, including depression, follow a(n) _____________ course.

episodic

Extremely low activity levels of serotonin are associated with ___________.

aggression, suicide, and impulsive behavior

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

hostility and anger increase one's risk of heart disease.

The most accurate way to think of genes is that they

set boundaries for our development.

The belief of homophobic people that the "sin" of homosexuality has resulted in HIV/AIDS is related to the historical concept of ______________ as a cause of madness.

Divine Punishment

When one examines the current state of knowledge regarding genetics and life experience effects on brain structure and function, the best overall conclusion is that most psychological disorders are

the result of both biological and psychosocial factors.

Which of the following is NOT related to the "collective unconscious" in Carl Jung's psychoanalytic theory?

Genetic inheritance of personality traits

When Larry was diagnosed with schizophrenia, his family wanted to know how the disorder would affect him and how it would progress. In medical terms, they wanted to know Larry's _______.

Prognosis

Recent research suggests that

all of these (environmental manipulations)

The first significant supporting evidence for a biological cause of a mental disorder was the 19th century discovery that the psychotic disorder called general paresis was caused by the same bacterial microorganism that causes __________.

syphilis

Emotion is generally thought to be a(n) ____________elicited by a(n) ____________.

action tendency; threat

A "double blind" experiment to ascertain the effectiveness of animal magnetism therapy was conducted by

Benjamin Franklin

Studies regarding rat learning and brain structure by Greenough, et al. (1990) and Wallace, et al. (1992) suggest that

early experiences such as learning cause physical changes in the brain.

Amanda is 12 years old, and her sister Samantha is five years old. While riding in a car with their parents, the girls witness a major automobile accident where a number of people are injured. The girls react very differently to the accident. This is probably due to

developmental differences.

Research exposing subjects to the virus that causes the common cold (Cohen et al., 1997) demonstrated that

the greater the individual's socialization, the lower the chances of contracting a cold.

According to classical conditioning, learning occurs when

a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus until it elicits the same response as that stimulus.

Four-year-old Miguel says to his mother, “Mommy, I love you. I want to marry you.” This is an example of the manifestation of

the Oedipal complex.

A ___________ is what first brought the individual to therapy; the ____________ represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.

presenting problem; clinical description

Which of the following is an example of the maladaptive, self-defeating type of defensive mechanism that is discussed by your textbook chapter?

A phobia

A male college student begins feeling sad and lonely. Although still able to go to classes and work at his job, he finds himself feeling down much of the time and worrying about what is happening to him. Which part of the definition of abnormality applies to his situation?

Personal distress

In the classic case of Anna O. in 1895, the neurologist Breuer treated her "hysterical" symptoms by using _________.

hypnosis

Recent research and increased understanding about the role of neurotransmitters in psychopathology point out that

simple cause/effect conclusions stating that an individual neurotransmitter abnormality causes a disorder are incomplete

Toward the end of the 14th century and continuing into the 15th century, the causes of "madness" were generally attributed to

demons and witches

In classical conditioning, the presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus over a long period of time would eventually lead to the

extinction of the conditioned response

Within the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology, learned helplessness is considered a(n) ______ dimension.

Psychological

After the mid 1800s, moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill because

immigrants caused an increase in the mental hospital population.

Functions of the limbic system include control or regulation of

emotional experiences, expressions, impulse control, and basic drives such as aggression, sex, hunger, and thirst.

Incidence refers to

how many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time.

During the Middle Ages, groups of people would suddenly exhibit bizarre behavior such as running out into the street, dancing, shouting, and jumping around. This was known as _________.

Tarantism

As used in modern terminology to reflect coping styles, defense mechanisms

can be either adaptive or maladaptive.

It is important to understand the process of how learned helplessness is created in laboratory animals because learned helplessness in animals resembles the human disorder of _______.

depression

The continual interaction of biological, psychological, and social influences and their effect on behavior is a _________________ approach.

multidimensional integrative

Realizing that patients were often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis, Charcot, Breuer, and Freud hypothesized the existence of ___________, a concept considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology.

the unconscious mind

The idea that our inherited tendencies influence the probability that we will encounter stressful life events is a characteristic of the _________________.

reciprocal gene-environment model

The idea that psychological disorders could be classified based on their symptoms, onset, time course, and cause is attributed to

Emil Kraepelin.

Statistical data are often relevant when discussing psychological disorders. For example, a researcher might want to know how many new cases of depression are diagnosed each year, a figure called the ___________ of the disorder.

incidence

The major difference between the modern cognitive science idea of the unconscious and Freud's view of the unconscious is that Freud saw the unconscious as ______________, whereas modern cognitive science views it as __________________.

a seething caldron of emotional conflicts; the ability to process, store, and act upon information without awareness

Children who are resistant to stress are considered to be _______________.

resilient

The best description of the multidimensional integrative approach to understanding psychopathology is that it is based on

biological and psychological dimensions, as well as emotional and developmental influences.

Extremely low levels of dopamine activity are associated with ________________.

muscle rigidity, tremors, and impaired judgment

Regarding the criteria that define abnormality, it would be correct to state that

no one criterion has yet been developed that fully defines abnormality.

For most people, verbal and cognitive processes are usually controlled by the ________.

left hemisphere of the cortex

Some people may be genetically predisposed to seek out difficult relationships. These difficult relationships may contribute to their experience of depression. This is an example of the ________.

reciprocal gene-environment model (Predisposed to difficult relationships)

Casey is an outgoing, happy-go-lucky, outwardly social individual, whereas Samantha is shy, somewhat withdrawn, and quiet. These two individuals represent which of Jung’s concepts?

Extraversion/introversion

According to the diathesis-stress model,

it is possible to inherit a diathesis and never develop a disorder.

You and a friend are lost while walking on a street in a foreign city. A stranger approaches, and you are concerned that the stranger may try to mug you. Your friend assumes that the stranger is approaching to give you directions. As the stranger approaches, you experience fear, but your friend experiences relief. Your different emotional reactions can be explained by the __________ theory of emotion.

cognitive

According to object relations theory, the objects in your world are either

introjected into your ego or assigned conflicting roles in your identity.

According to Seligman, if a person who is faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his/her life displays an optimistic, upbeat attitude, he/she is likely to function better psychologically and physically. He called this ______________.

learned optimism

The first proponent of ego psychology was

Ana Freud.

In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from "hysteria" might be told that her condition could be cured by ________.

marriage