(PART 6) ALCOHOL, ALDEHYDE & PHENOL GLLYCOSIDES

Anthocyanidins Glycosides

- Are flavonoid structurally related to the flavones
- Their glycosides are known as "anthocyanins"
- Are contained in the plant sap and is known as sap pigment
NOTE:
The reason behind the color change during autumn.

Salicin

Example of Alcohol Glycosides

Salix purpurea
Salix fragilis

Salicin is a glycoside obtained from?

Populin (Benzoylsalicin)

From Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra) is also associated w/ Salicin in the barks of the Salicaceae.

- Enzyme emulsin
- Acid like HCI, HNO3
- Alkaline solutions like NaOH

Salicin is hydrolyzed by?

Anti-Inflammatory
Anti- Rheumetic

Uses of Salicin

Vanilla
Vanillin

EXAMPLES OF ALDEHYDE GLYCOSIDES

Vanilla planifolia

Vanilla is derived from the cured, full grown, unripe fruit of? (Fam. Orchidaceae)

Vera Cruz
Bourbon Vanilla
Vanilla tahitensis (Tahti Vanilla)
Vanilla pompona (West Indian Vanilla)
Vanilla odorata (Vanilla Tlatepusco)

Alternate for Vanilla Planifolia

Vanilla Tlatepusco

Vanilla odorata

Tahti Vanilla

Vanilla tahitensis

West Indian Vanilla

Vanilla pompona

Mexican or Vera Cruz

What is the best grade vanilla?

Vanillin

AC of Vanilla

Glucovanillin

A precursor compound that undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis during the curing process to produce vanillin, the primary flavor component of vanilla.

Curing

Special process drying vanilla.

Vanillin

EXAMPLE OF ALDEHYDE GLYCOSIDES
- Consists of fine, white to slightly yellow, needlelike crystals that have an odor and a taste resembling vanilla.
- Slightly soluble in water and glycerin
- Freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether
- Used as a flavoring agent

Ethyl Vanillin

Is a synthetic analog of vanillin and is also used as a flavoring agent.

Coumarin
Dicumarol
Cantharides
Psoralens
Trioxsalen
Methoxsalen
Angelica Root

EXAMPLES OF LACTONE GLYCOSIDES

Tonka beans

Coumarin is derived from the seeds of?
(Fam. Fabaceae, formerly Leguminosae)

- Dipteryx odorata
- Dipteryx oppositifolia

A.k.a. Tonco or Tonquin beans:

Coumarin

EXAMPLES OF LACTONE GLYCOSIDES
- Is the lactone of a-hydroxycinnamic acid.
- Occurs as colorless, prismatic crystals having a characteristic fragrant odor and a bitter, aromatic, burning taste.

Flavoring agent (but banned by FDA due to drug interactions

Uses of Coumarin

Bishydroxycoumarin

Dicumarol is also known as?

Sweet Yellow Clover
Melilot
Melilotus officinalis

Dicumarol is originally obtained from improperly cured leaves and flowering tops of?
(Fam. Fabaceae)

Anticoagulant

Use of Dicumarol

Dicumarol

EXAMPLES OF LACTONE GLYCOSIDES
Synthetically prepared including synthetic analogs such as warfarin salts (Coumadin, Athrombin-K)

Spanish Flies
Russian Flies
Blistering Flies

Cantharides is also known as?

Cantharides vesicatoria

Cantharides is consist of dried insects of?
(Fam. Meloidae)

Cantharidin

AC of Cantharides

- Irritant
- Vesicant
- Rubefacient
- Keratolytic (0.7%)
- Aphrodisiac

Uses of Cantharides

Psoralens

EXAMPLES OF LACTONE GLYCOSIDES
Are photosensitizing furocoumarins that occur in a number of plant families (Fam. Umbelliferae) causing phototoxicity.

Trioxsalen

EXAMPLES OF LACTONE GLYCOSIDES
A synthetic furocoumarin available for use in the treatment of vitiligo.

8-Methoxypsoralen
Xanthotoxin

Methoxsalen is also known as?

Bishop’s Weed (Ammi majus)

Methoxsalen is a constituent of the cremocarps of?

- Facilitate repigmentation in idiopathic vitiligo (Leukoderma)
- Symptomatic control of severe, disabling psoriasis

Uses of Methoxsalen

Angelica Root

A.k.a. Wild Celery; Norwegian or Garden Angelica

Angelica archangelica

Angelica root is obtained from the whole or cut dried root and rhizome of?
 (Fam. Apiaceae)

Bergapten
Angelicin
Archangelica
Apterin

AC of Angelica Root

Tx of bronchitis associated with vascular deficiency and dyspeptic conditions

TC of Angelica Root

Uva ursi

Example of Phenol Glycosides

Bearberry

Uva ursi is also known as?

Arctostaphylos uva ursi

Uva ursi is derived from the dried leaf of?
(Fam. Ericaceae)

Black
Alpine Bearberry

Arctostaphylos alpina

Arbutin

AC of Uva Ursi

Diuretic
Astringent

Uses of Uva Ursi