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Diels-Alder Reaction

A synthetic reaction where a diene reacts with a dienophile to form a six-membered ring with one double bond, resulting in a cyclohexene.

Cyclohexene

A six-membered ring compound containing one double bond.

Stereoselectivity

The property of a chemical reaction where different stereochemical outcomes are produced depending on the conditions or reactants.

Diene

A hydrocarbon that contains two double bonds.

Dienophile

A reagent that reacts with a diene in a Diels-Alder reaction.

Reflux Techniques

A method used to heat a solution while preventing the loss of solvents by boiling and condensing the vapor.

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

An analytical technique used to identify functional groups based on the absorption of infrared light, which causes molecular bonds to bend and stretch.

Wavenumber

The frequency of a spectral line or band, often used in IR spectroscopy to correlate to specific functional groups.

Carboxylic Acid Wavenumber Range

3500 - 2500 cm⁻¹, characterized by a strong, very broad band in IR spectroscopy.

Amine Wavenumber Range

3500 - 3300 cm⁻¹, showing medium-weak bands with specific characteristics for primary and secondary amines.

Aldehyde Wavenumber Range

1730 cm⁻¹, identified by a strong band in IR spectroscopy.

Functional Groups

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and dictate the chemical reactions of those molecules.

Transition State

A temporary, unstable arrangement of atoms that occurs during a reaction, representing the highest energy state.

Stereochemistry

The study of the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within molecules.

Solvent Stability

The ability of a solvent to remain chemically unchanged under conditions of temperature and other influential factors in a reaction.

Crystallization

The process of forming solid crystals from a solution, often used to purify products.

Activation Energy

The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.