trait
characteristic that is inherited
genetics
study of the heredity patterns and variation of organisms
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trait
characteristic that is inherited
genetics
study of the heredity patterns and variation of organisms
purebred
type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform
cross
mating of two organisms
gene
specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein
allele
any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome
homozygous
characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids
heterozygous
characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids
genome
all of an organism’s genetic material
genotype
collection of all of an organism’s genetic information that codes for traits
phenotype
collection of all of an organism’s physical characteristics
dominant
allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism’s genotype
recessive
allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism’s genotype
Punnett square
model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating
monohybrid cross
cross, or mating, between organisms that involves only one pair of contrasting traits
testcross
cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype
dihybrid cross
cross, or mating, between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
probability
likelihood that a particular event will happen
crossing over
exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I
linkage map
diagram that shows the relative locations of genes on a chromosome