Mendellian Genetics Vocab - CORE Acc. Biology 9

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trait

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characteristic that is inherited

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genetics

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study of the heredity patterns and variation of organisms

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20 Terms

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trait

characteristic that is inherited

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genetics

study of the heredity patterns and variation of organisms

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purebred

type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform

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cross

mating of two organisms

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gene

specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein

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allele

any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome

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homozygous

characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids

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heterozygous

characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids

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genome

all of an organism’s genetic material

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genotype

collection of all of an organism’s genetic information that codes for traits

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phenotype

collection of all of an organism’s physical characteristics

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dominant

allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism’s genotype

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recessive

allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism’s genotype

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Punnett square

model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating

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monohybrid cross

cross, or mating, between organisms that involves only one pair of contrasting traits

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testcross

cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype

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dihybrid cross

cross, or mating, between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits

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probability

likelihood that a particular event will happen

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crossing over

exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I

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linkage map

diagram that shows the relative locations of genes on a chromosome