L5 FOLDS AND FAULTS

Deformation

It is the processes where the earth's crust is DEFORMED as tectonic plate boundaries, FORMING STRUCTURES like fold and faults.

Applied stress

FORCE exerted on a rocks

Ductile deformation

brittle deformation

2 kinds of DEFORMATION

Ductile deformation

Rocks BENDS or flows without breaking

Brittle deformation

Rocks BREAK or fracture with stressed.

Tensional

compressional

shear

3 kinds of STRESS

Tensional stress

Divergent

Compressional stress

Convergent

Shear stress

Transform

Fold

Is BEND IN LAYERED ROCKS caused by compressional forces it looks like even where with an upward (crest) and a downward part.

Crest

Upward part

Trough

Downward part

Anticline

syncline

monocline

3 types of FOLDS

Anticline

Is an UPWARD, arc like fold in rocks, where the layers (limbs) slope away from the center.

Syncline

U shape. is a fold where rock layer bend DOWNWARD, forming a through like shape.

Monocline

Staircase shape. is the SIMPLEST TYPE of fold, showing a GENTLE BEND in otherwise plot and parallel rock layers.

Fault plane

hanging wall

footwall

3 PARTS OF FAULT

Fault plane

Surface or plane along which the rocks block MOVE RELATIVES to each other.

Hanging wall

Positioned ABOVE/MOVING

Footwall

Positioned BELOW

Normal fault

reverse fault

strike slip fault

3 KINDS OF FAULTS

Normal fault

Happens when TENSIONAL forces pull rocks apart.

A fault which hanging wall has a parently COME DOWN with respect to the footwall.

Reverse fault

Happens when COMPRESSIONAL forces push rocks together.

A fault in which hanging wall has a parently GONE UP with respect to the footwall.

Strike slip fault

A result of the SIDEWAYS MOVEMENT of blocks of rocks. Blocks move horizontally.

Graven faults

Forms when TENSIONAL STRESS pulls the crust apart, causing a block of rock to SINK between to faults.

Strata

Rocks layer

Strata

They FORM OVER TIME a sediments settled and harden.

Each layer usually represents a different.

Stratifications

Is the PROCESS FORMING those layers (STRATA).

It happens when sediments settle in HORIZONTAL LAYERS over time.