cc1 [lesson 1] | scope of chemical chemistry

Clinical Chemistry

The systematic study of biochemical process associated with health and disease and the measurements of constituents in body fluids or tissues to facilitate diagnosis with disease.

What are the two pathologies?

1. Clinical Pathology

2. Anatomical Pathology

Clinical Pathology

General; concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and tissue homogenates or extracts using the tools of Chemistry, Microbiology, Hematology, Molecular Pathology, and Immunohaematology

Anatomical Pathology

Only reads tissue results, Pap smears, etc. The study of organs and tissues to determine the causes and effects of particular diseases.

near-patient testing, alternate-site testing, or patient-focused testing

Other term for Point-Of-Care-Testing?

Point-Of-Care-Testing

Used in emergency depts., operating suites, health maintenance organization (HMO), physician’s office, & nursing homes.

• Portable Analyser Chemistry

• Glucometers

• BG Analyzer

• Hemoglobin Meter

• Coagulation testing

Instrument needed for Point-Of-Care-Testing:

• Glucose

• Total Protein and Albumin

• Electrolytes

• Triacylglycerol, Cholesterol

• Hormones

• Vitamins

Substances NORMALLY present with a function in the circulation:

• Vitamin D Conversion

• Hormones

• Production of Bile Acid

Functions of Cholesterol:

• Bilirubin

• Urea

• Uric Acid

• Creatinine

• Ammonia

Metabolites – Nonfunctional WASTE PRODUCTS being cleared

• Enzymes

• Ferritin

Substances released from cells as a result of cell damage & abnormal permeability or abnormal cellular proliferation.

• Lactated Dehydrogenase

• Alanine Transaminase

• Aspartate Transferase

• Creatine Kinase

• Amylase Test

• Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

• Alkaline Phosphatase

• Acid Phosphatase

Types of Enzymes:

Disease

A pathological condition of the body that is manifested by a group of clinical signs & symptoms

Diagnose

To evaluate history of disease process; to use clinical signs & symptoms, laboratory findings & special tests results to arrive at the nature & cause of a person’s disease condition

Prognosis

Prediction of course of disease

Referal Laboratory

Laboratory that performs testing for other clinical labs and institutions.

Phlebotomist

Person who collects blood by venipuncture.

Medical Technologist

Usually has a baccalaureate degree and formal training in an accredited medical technology/medical laboratory science program meets the criteria by national standards.

Medical Technologist – American Society for Clinical Pathology

MT ASCP

Clinical Laboratory Scientist – National Credentialing Agency

CLS-NCA

American Medical Technologists

AMT

Registered Medical Technologist – International Society of Clinical Laboratory Technology

RMT-ISCLT

Medical Lab Technician

Person who is NOT a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Bachelor of Science in Hygiene, but passed the civil service exam.

Medical Assistant

Medical Assistants help with patient care management, execute administrative and clinical procedures and often perform managerial and supervisory functions.