Human Anatomy Macro molecules quiz

monomer of carbohydrates

monosaccharide

parts of a nucleotide

a phosphate group, a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base

parts of a protein

amino acids + hydrogen bonds

Peptide Bond

chemical bond that links two amino acids together

Polypeptide Chain

A linear sequence of amino acids connected by peptide bonds

Secondary Structure

The local folding patterns of the polypeptide chain, such as alpha helices and beta sheets, structures are formed by hydrogen bonds between amino acids

Tertiary Structure

three-dimensional shape of the protein, which is determined by interactions between the side chains of the amino acids. These interactions include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and hydrophobic interactions.

Quaternary Structure

When multiple polypeptide chains come together to form a functional protein like insulin or hemoglobin

how many amino acids

20

saturated fats

only single bonds between carbon atoms

unsaturated 

one or more double bonds in their carbon chains

what elements are in carbohydrates 

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

what elements are in proteins

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

what elements are in lipids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Some Oxygen 

what elements are in nucleotide

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, phosphorus

ATP

One nucleotide monomer adenine + Ribose + 3 phosphate heads

DNA

double-stranded molecule that serves as the long-term storage of genetic information in a cell

RNA

single-stranded molecule that serves as a temporary copy of DNA to carry out active functions in the cell, like protein synthesis

phospholipid

Composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group, they form the fundamental structure of cell membranes.

tryglycerides

A common type of lipid, formed from a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid chains, serving as a primary form of long-term energy storage.

lipids

long chain of carbon + hydrogen with carboxylic acid