Structure and properties of HaloAlkanes,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhJSic7gx18

What is structure of haloalkane

A halogen atom bonded to alkane.

In the name, the halogen is the prefix followed by the parent alkane. (numbers used to show position of halogen functional group)

General formula of haloalkanes.

CnH2n+1X, X is used to represent the halogen.

What happens when we have different halogens in the same molecule

We list them alphabetically, not by position number.

Primary, Secondary Tertiary haloalkanes

Primary - Halogen bonded to carbon bonded to one other carbon atom

Secondary - Halogen bonded to carbon bonded to two other carbon atoms

Tertiary - Halogen bonded to carbon bonded to three other carbon atoms

Why do haloalkanes have higher boiling points than the equivalent alkanes.

Because of the intermolecular forces

In haloalkanes, there are london forces but the polarity of carbon to halogen bond , we find permanent dipole-dipole interactions , they are stronger than london forces and require more energy to break

What happens as we go down group 7

The boiling point increases, number of electrons in halogen atom increases as we go down , so larger london forces, which require more energy to break

Why are haloalkanes insoluble in water

They cannot form hydrogen bonds

They are soluble in non polar solvents e.g cyclohexane.