Lecture 8 & 10 (guest)

In the study, The Anatomy of a Final Apology: Linguistic Analysis of Death Row Last Statements

They found more references to ____________ = more apologies

sincere others (16x more likely)

What percentage of police contacts, in Canada, do you think involve someone with a mental health or substance use disorder?

20%

A CMHA (2016) report found that _____ of individuals diagnosed with a mental health disorder had an interaction with law enforcement when trying to make first contact with a mental health professional

30%

It is estimated that approximately ______ of police-public interactions are with someone who is experiencing a mental health concern.

7-31%

It is estimated that approximately ______ of individuals who are incarcerated have an untreated/undiagnosed mental health disorder.

15-40%

In laniyonu and Goff, they found that those with severe mental disorders are ______ more likely to be involved in police incidents where force is used

30 times

Morabito and Colleagues found that those with comorbid disorders, such as substance use disorder and another mental health disorder, were found to have the highest likelihood of experiencing

physical force by police officers

Morabito and Colleagues found that roughly ______ as many individuals experiencing mental health disorders were charged and/or arrested when interacting with law enforcement compared to the general population

twice

What are the potential factors contributing to the over-representation of individuals with mental health issues encountering police, being involved in use of force incidents, and facing charges and/or arrests?

-       Myths

-       Stigma

-       Biases

-       Training

-       Systemic issues

Media

Outcomes of over-represtation in the criminal justice system

-       Ongoing stigma and discrimination – continual cycle

-       Impact on mental health – worsen existing symptoms

-       Distrust in public institutions – barriers to help

_____ have reported at least one incident of sexual abuse before the age of 15

_____ reported at least one incident of physical abuse before the age of 15

 ______ will experience some form of abuse before the age of 18

6%

22%

1 in 3

Delays of disclosure lead to

untreated psychological symptoms, prolonged abuse, and hinders investigations

Barriers to disclosure

include fear, lack of support or understanding, and embarrassment

Why is disclosure/reporting important? (3 reasons)

1.     Help-seeking function — Can help reinforce healthy relationships

 

2.     Initiates an investigation — Can start gaining corroborative evidence to ensure that what they are saying is true?

 

3.     Stops continued and future abuse —Helps both the child and future children

___ of children actually reported to law officials

___ not reported

7%

93%

the majority of disclosures are _________

‘dead-end disclosures’

What are the 3 antecedents to disclosure?

Need to tell (intrapersonal factors)

• Realization (goes along with age, could not recognize until later)

• Emotional distress (lead to delays or disclosures themselves)

• Need for something to be done

 

Opportunity to tell (interpersonal factors)

• Access to trusted individual (lack of this during covid – decreased reports)

• Expecting to be believed

 

Somewhere in the middle

• Being asked

Younger victims were _______ to delay disclosure longer than older victims

more likely

Boys delayed disclosures_____ longer than girls

2x

What abuse characteristics lead to longer delays in disclosure?

• more frequent abuse

• younger

• closely related to perpetrator

• more severe abuse

As levels of support from non-offending caregivers increase delays of disclosure _____

decrease

What are the Non-offending caregiver symptoms, following disclosure from the child?

o   Psychological distress  49% mothers; 30% fathers

o   PTSD  32% mothers; 7% fathers

o   Major depressive disorder  41% mothers; 14% fathers

Situations in which organized systems create trauma is called _________

system-induced trauma

_______ children in Canada experience abuse.

_______ children in BC experience abuse.

1 out of 4

1 out of 3