Lecture_10_Language_2024__1_

Language Development in Infants

An immense amount of language processing occurs during the first year of life, leading to language emergence during the second to third year.

Syntactic Priming

A phenomenon where speakers use the same syntactic structure they just heard.

Phonological Loop

Part of working memory involved in the storage and manipulation of phonological information during writing processes.

Broca's Aphasia

A type of aphasia characterized by difficulty in speech production, often associated with damage to the inferior frontal gyrus.

Wernicke's Aphasia

A type of aphasia where individuals have difficulty understanding language, associated with damage to the superior temporal gyrus.

Critical Period for Language Acquisition

A developmental phase around 10 months of age when a child's sensitivity to non-native speech sounds decreases.

Pivot Words

Words that occupy a fixed position in a child's utterance and are slowly acquired, such as 'my' and 'go'.

Knowledge-Telling Strategy

A writing approach where the writer simply writes down everything known about a topic.

Knowledge-Crafting Strategy

A writing approach that emphasizes structuring content around key themes and the reader's needs.

Graphemic Buffer

A component of orthographic working memory that is used in both lexical and non-lexical spelling routes.

Two-Route Model of Spelling

A model proposing that spelling occurs via a lexical route for familiar words and a non-lexical route for unfamiliar words.

Statistical Learning in Infants

The process where infants learn to recognize language-specific sound combinations and stress patterns through exposure.

Revising in Writing Process

The process where writers reflect on and improve their drafts, crucial for producing coherent texts.

Orthographic Lexicon

A mental repository of word spellings, debated whether there is one unified lexicon for both reading and spelling.

Spoonerism

A speech error in which initial letters or sounds of two words are switched, providing insight into speech production mechanisms.

Perceptual Loop Theory

A theory suggesting that speakers monitor their own speech and detect errors by comparing what they say with what they intended to say.

Language-Specific Speech Perception

The ability of infants to discern phonetic contrasts and stress patterns specific to their native language.

Emergence of Grammar

The stage in language development where young children start to imitate adult grammatical structures.

Working Memory Theory in Writing

The framework suggesting that writing relies heavily on the central executive, phonological loop, and visual-spatial sketchpad of working memory.

Alzheimer's Disease and Writing

Affecting writers by decreasing vocabulary size and increasing the frequency of irrelevant phrases and repetitions.

Errors in Speech Production

Understanding mistakes such as semantic substitution and morpheme exchange that reveal mechanisms of speech processing.