Med Term 7-10

cerebr/o

cerebrum (largest part of brain)

cerebell/o

cerebellum (little brain)

crani/o

skull

encephal/o

entire brain

esthesi/o

sensation

gangli/o

ganglion (knot)

gli/o

glue

gnos/o

knowing

kinesi/o

movement

lex/o

word, phrase

mening/o, meningi/o

meninges (membranes)

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

narc/o

stupor or sleep

neur/o

nerve

phas/o

speech

phob/o

exaggerated fear or sensitivity

phor/o

carry or bear

phren/o, psych/o, thym/o

mind

schiz/o

split

somat/o

body

somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o

sleep

spin/o

spine (thorn)

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

vertebra

stere/o

three-dimensional or solid

tax/o

order, coordination

thalam/o

thalamus (a room)

ton/o

tone, tension

top/o

place

ventricul/o

ventricle (belly or pouch)

cata-

down

-asthenia

weakness

-lepsy

seizure

-mania

condition of abnormal impulse toward

-paresis

slight paralysis

-plegia

paralysis

aphasia

impairment because of localized brain injury that effects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs as result of stroke, head trauma, or disease

dementia

an impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion

neuralgia

pain along the course of a nerve

paralysis

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

flaccid paralysis

defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

spastic paralysis

stiff, awkward muscle control

due to CNS disorder

hemiparesis

partial paralysis to right/left half of the body

sciatia

pain along the sciatic nerve

caused by compression or trauma of the nerve or its roots

hyperesthesia

increased sensitivity to stimulation

Paresthesia

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling

without objective cause

agnosia

neurologic function loss involved with processing sensory info

Astereognosis

inability to judge the form of an object by touch

CVA

cerebrovascular accident

TIA

transient ischemic attack

encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

epilepsy

CNS disorder - recurrent seizures

glioma

tumor of glial cells

hydrocephalus

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

spina bfida

defect - absence of vertebral arches in development of spinal column

; most common neural tube defect

plegia

paralysis

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

paraplegia

paralysis from the waist down

quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

SPECT

single photon emission computed tomography

PET

positron emission tomography

EEG

electro encephalo gram

craniotomy

incision into the skull

to approach the brain

discectomy

removal of a herniated disc; often done percutaneously

laminectomy

excision of one or more laminae of the vertebrae to approach the spinal cord

spondylosyndesis

spinal fusion

analgesic

agent that relieves pain

hypnotic

agent that induces sleep

dysphoria

a restless, dissatisfied mood

mania

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

neurosis

psychologic condition in which anxiety is prominent

psychosis

a mental condition characterized by distortion of reality resulting in the inability to communicate or function within one's environment

hypochondriasis

persistent fear or thought of having/developing an illness despite the lack of symptoms

ideation

formation of thoughts or ideas,

such as suicidal ideation (thoughts of suicide)

affect

emotional feeling or mood

anxiolytic agent

a drug used to reduce anxiety

neuroleptic agent

drugs used to treat psychosis, especially schizophrenia

ALS

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ADHD

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

CP

cerebral palsy

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

DTR

deep tendon reflexes

ECT

electroconvulsive therapy

GAD

generalized anxiety disorder

LP

lumbar puncture

MS

multiple sclerosis

NCV

nerve conduction velocity

OCD

obsessive compulsive disorder

Alveol/o

alveolus, air sac

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchus (airway)

Bronchiol/o

bronchiole (little airway)

capn/o, carb/o

carbon dioxide

laryng/o

larynx (voice box)

lob/o

lobe (a portion)

nas/o, rhin/o

nose

Or/o

mouth

Ox/o

Oxygen

palat/o

palate

Pharyng/o

pharynx (throat)

phren/o

diaphragm/mind