Fluid Therapy

WHEN should it be instituted? WHAT kind of fluid/s should be given? HOW MUCH fluid should be given? HOW FAST should the fluid be given? WHAT are the routes of fluid administration? HOW is the success of fluid therapy be evaluated?

What are the 6 questions to be answered before FLUID THERAPY is instituted?

dehydration, overhydration, electrolyte imbalance

Fluid therapy is considered to serve the purpose of correcting these 3 conditions

give diuretics and replace fluids w/ IV therapy

What do you need to do to correct edema?

PH of the blood

What is 1st consideration on answering the question “What kind of fluid/s should be given?”

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, METABOLIC ALKALOSIS, RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS, RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

What are the 4 categories of diseases according to the required fluid therapy?

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

is characterized by:-diarrhoea,- renal diseases- CNSdepression, - hyperpnea,- hypoadrenocorticism,- ketosis,- starvation,- diabetes

renal diseases

presence of blood, amount of urine, frequency of urine

CNS depression

loss of appetite and thirst

Diabetes mellitus and insipidus

2 types of diabetes

diabetes mellitus

type of diabetes with lack of insulin

diabetes insipidus

type of diabetes with lack of antidiuretic hormone

- LRS- Dextrose 5% in LRS- Dextrose 5% in water- NaHCo3,- Nalactate,- Nagluconate

6 recommended fluids for METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

is associated with: - emesis,- excessive use of diuretics,- hyperadrenocorticism,- nervous excitement,- convulsion and- depressed breathing

NaCl, isotonic saline NH4CL,- Ringer’s solution,- normal saline

4 recommended fluids for METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

is characterized by:- pneumonia,- pulmonary oedema,- emphysema,- pneumothorax,- respiratory muscle paralysis, (caused by poisoning)- anaesthetic overdose- Hypoventilation

- LRS,- D5LRS,- D5W, etc. (those containing sugar)

3 recommended fluids for METABOLIC ALRESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

is associated with:- fever,- encephalitis,- salicylate poisoning - deficiency of oxygen or hypoxia,- heat prostration,- hysteria.

Aspirin

salicylate poisoning is caused by

- ISS,- NaCL,- NH4Cl, etc.

3 recommended fluids for RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

CUSHING’S SYNDROME

overproduction of cortisol by adrenal gland

ADDISON'S DISEASE

insufficient production of cortisol by the adrenal gland

SERUM ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION

Another consideration for the KIND OF FLUID TO BE GIVEN

Hypernatremia- Hyponatremia- Hyperchloremia- Hypochloremia - Hyperkalemia- Hypokalemia

Give the 6 disorders of water, sodium, chloride, balance

Hypernatremia

a disorder of increased sodium

Hyponatremia

a disorder of decreased sodium

Hyperchloremia

a disorder of increased chloride

Hypochloremia

a disorder of decreased chloride

Hyperkalemia

a disorder of increased potassium

Hypokalemia

a disorder of decreased potassium

IV

most common route of fluid administration, what specific vein should be used

per rectum

can be used in newborn/ neonate (1 week of age), cannot be used in ages beyond 2 weeks

because mucous membrane around the rectum becomes thicka s it ages, electrolytes cannot be absorbed

Why is per rectum route not used in ages beyond 2 weeks?

IV, IP, oral, subq, per rectum

Give 5 routes of fluid administration

success of fluid Tx

is gauge through improvement of the animal

hour

every __ check on your patient, treatment should be correct

re-evaluate Tx

__ if patient show no improvement