Periodical Test Reviewer Part 2

Prenatal Stage

Age when hereditary endowments are established (Conception to Birth).

Infancy

Foundation age for basic behavior and skills development (Birth to 2 years).

Early Childhood

Age for exploratory behavior, questioning, language acquisition, and initial socialization (2 to 4 years).

Late Childhood

Development of self-help skills, social skills, and play (4 to 12 years).

Adolescence

Transition from childhood to adulthood; rapid physical and sexual maturation (Puberty to 18 years).

Early Adulthood

Age of adjustment to new responsibilities (18 to 40 years).

Middle Age

Period leading up to retirement (40 to Retirement).

Old Age

Period marked by increasing physical and mental decline (Retirement to Death).

Physical Development in Adolescence

Most girls complete puberty by age 15; boys continue to mature.

Emotional Development in Adolescence

Stress over school and self-image; desire for independence and intimacy in relationships.

Shift in Relationships in Adolescence

Transition towards maturity and responsibility in relationships with parents.

Importance of Friendships in Adolescence

Increased importance of friendships and shared beliefs; exploration of romantic relationships.

Concept of Encouragement

Key ingredient for improving relationships, enhancing feelings of belonging and self-worth.

Role of Parents

Provide shelter, protection, and teach valuable life lessons.

Importance of Siblings

Serve as friends and support systems; strong bonds built on love and appreciation.

Role of Friends

Teach the value of love and respect; support and reflect personal growth.

Role of Teachers

Act as second parents, guiding intellectual and emotional development.

Role of Community Leaders

Provide networks, inspire others, and address community needs.

Agents of Socialization

Family, Education, Mass Media, Government, Religion.

Definition of Stress

Emotional factor causing physical or mental tension.

Eustress

Positive Stress

Distress

Negative Stress

Causes of Stress

Common stressors include academic pressures, poor time management, and personal relationships.

Effects of Stress

Positive effects include motivation and improved immune system; negative effects can lead to depression and social withdrawal.

Signs of Stress

Increased headaches, crying, anger, and anxiety.