Resins, gum-resins and similar substances

FINAL TERM

resin

is applied to more or less solid, amorphous products of complex chemical nature. (exception is shellac that is obtained from the secretions of insect)

shellac

resin is applied to more or less solid, amorphous products of complex chemical nature. (exception is ___ that is obtained from the secretions of insect)

resins

are secondary metabolites produced by higher plants and are nothing but oxidative products of terpenes

terpenes

resins are secondary metabolites produced by higher plants and are nothing but oxidative products of ___

resins

obtained as exudates from plants and considered as end product of metabolism

soften

melt

resins on heating ___ and finally ___

resins

chemical properties:

are insoluble in water and usually insoluble in petroleum spirit but dissolve more or less completely in alcohol, chloroform and ether

insoluble

solubility of resins in water

usually insoluble

solubility of resins in petroleum spirit

dissolve more or less completely

solubility of resins in alcohol, chloroform, and ether

• resin acids

• resin alcohols (resinols)

• resin phenols (resinotannols)

• esters

• chemically inert compounds known as resenes

chemical properties:

chemically, resins are complex mixtures of

• volatile oils (oleoresins)

• gums (gum-resins)

• oil and gum (oleo-gumresins)

resins are often associated with

sugars

resins may also be combined in a glycosidal manner with ___, as in the Convolvulaceae. this resins are called glucoresins or glycoresin

Convolvulaceae

resins may also be combined in a glycosidal manner with sugars, as in the ____. this resins are called glucoresins or glycoresin

glucoresins or glycoresin

resins may also be combined in a glycosidal manner with sugars, as in the Convolvulaceae. this resins are called

Myrrh (Arabian or Somali Myrrh)

is an oleo-gumresin, obtained from the stem of various species of Commiphora (Burseraceae)

Commiphora

Myrrh is an oleo-gumresin, obtained from the stem of various species of ___ (Burseraceae)

Burseraceae

Commiphora is from what family

Commiphora molmol

principal source of Myrrh is

• volatile oil: 7-17%

• resin: 25-40%

• gum: 57-61%

• impurities: 3-4%

constituents of Myrrh

Myrrh

is used in incense and perfumes

• incense

• perfumes

Myrrh is used in

• local stimulant

• antiseptic properties

like many other resins, Myrrh has what properties

Myrrh

it is chiefly employed in medicine in the form of a mouth-wash or gargle for its astringent effect on mucous membranes

mouth-wash or gargle

Myrrh is chiefly employed in medicine in the form of a ___ for its astringent effect on mucous membranes

• gold

• frankincense

• myrrh

these three substances are brought as gifts by the three wise men in the Christmas story

gold

its structure consists of a lattice of cations with a sea of delocalized electrons. its color is due to it having the correct energy difference between its 5d and 6s electron subshells to absorb photons of blue light

frankincense

is used as incense, with its smell the result of various compounds produced when it is burned. these include incensole acetate, octyl acetate and octanol as well as several other terpenoid compounds. research suggest that the compound incensole acetate could help alleviate anxiety and depression

• incensole acetate

• octyl acetate

• octanol

frankincense is used as incense, with its smell the result of various compounds produced when it is burned. these include

Myrrh resin

like frankincense can be used in incense and perfumes, though it has medicinal applications. its aroma comes from a family of compounds called furanosesquiterpenes. animal studies have suggested some compounds in myrrh can have an analgesic effect

furanosesquiterpenes

Myrrh resin like frankincense can be used in incense and perfumes, though it has medicinal applications. its aroma comes from a family of compounds called ____. animal studies have suggested some compounds in myrrh can have an analgesic effect

Olibanum (Frankincense)

is an oleo-gum-resin obtained by incision from the bark of Boswellia carterii, Boswellia frereana and other species of Boswellia (Burseraceae)

• Boswellia carterii

• Boswellia frereana

• other species of Boswellia (Burseraceae)

Olibanum (Frankincense) is an oleo-gum-resin obtained by incision from the bark of

Burseraceae

Boswellia is from what family

olibanum

odor is characteristic, especially when burned; taste, slightly bitter

olibanum

is used in incense and fumigating preparations

• incense

• fumigating

olibanum is used in ___ preparations

olibanum

formerly it was considered a stimulant and has been used in China for the treatment of leprosy

olibanum

with animal models, have reported a positive anti-inflammatory activity of the drug

asafoetida

is an oleo-gum-resin obtained by incision from the living rhizome and root of Ferula foetida, Ferula rubricaulis and other species of Ferula (Umbelliferae)

• Ferula foetida

• Ferula rubricaulis

• other species of Ferula

asafoetida is an oleo-gum-resin obtained by incision from the living rhizome and root of ____ (Umbelliferae)

Umbelliferae

Ferula is from what family

asafoetida

is employed for the carminative and expectorant properties of the volatile oil fraction

asafoetida

is an ingredient in certain sauces

damiana

consists of the dried leaves of Turnera diffusa var. aphrodisiaca (Turneraceceae) and probably other species of Turnera

• Turnera diffusa var. aphrodisiaca

• other species of Turnera

consists of the dried leaves of ____ (Turneraceceae) and probably ____

Turneraceceae

Turnera diffusa var. aphrodisiaca is from the family

damiana

is traditionally used in Mexico and Southern USA to revive libido where subconscious causative factors are involved

damiana

may help lower stress levels and heighten sexual drive

elixir of damiana and saw palmetto

are used as an aphrodisiac for men

aphrodisiac

elixir of damiana and saw palmetto or other admixtures are used as an ___ for men

copaiba

is an oleoresin obtained from the trunks of various species of Copaifera (Leguminosae)

Copaifera

copaiba is an oleoresin obtained from the trunks of various species of ___ (Leguminosae)

Leguminosae

Copaifera is from what family

copaiba

it was formerly used as a urinary antiseptic but has now been almost completely replaced by antibiotics and other drugs

eriodictyon or yerba santa

consists of the dried leaf of Eriodictyon californicum (Hydrophyllaceae)

Eriodictyon californicum

eriodictyon or yerba santa consists of the dried leaf of ____ (Hydrophyllaceae)

Hydrophyllaceae

Eriodictyon californicum is from the family

yerba santa

is employed in the USA for the preparation of a fluid extract and Aromatic Eriodictyon syrup, which is used to mask the taste of bitter and otherwise disagreeable medicines, particularly quinine

Aromatic Eriodictyon syrup

yerba santa is employed in the USA for the preparation of a fluid extract and ____, which is used to mask the taste of bitter and otherwise disagreeable medicines, particularly quinine

quinine

yerba santa is employed in the USA for the preparation of a fluid extract and Aromatic Eriodictyon syrup, which is used to mask the taste of bitter and otherwise disagreeable medicines, particularly ___

Eriodictyon leaf

American Indians smoked or chewed the leaves as a cure for asthma

eriodictyon leaf

Some herbalists consider it as an excellent expectorant

eriodictyon leaf

externally it can be used for the treatment of bruises, insect bites, etc.

asmola

it is the right solution for asthmatic bronchial spasm. it acts in three ways-as a bronchodilator to facilitate easy respiration, as a decongestant to remove congestion of respiratory tract and as a stimulant to the body’s natural response to fight diseases

• bronchodilator

• decongestant

• stimulant

asmola is the right solution for asthmatic bronchial spasm. it acts in three ways-as:

Gamboge

is a gum-resin obtained from Garcinia hanburii (Guttiferae)

Garcinia hanburii

Gamboge is a gum-resin obtained from ____ (Guttiferae)

Guttiferae

Garcinia hanburii is from what family

gamboge

acts as a purgative but is now little used in human medicine

gamboge

also used as a pigment

mastic

is an oleoresin containing little oil, obtained from various cultivated varieties of Pistacia lentiscus (Anacardiaceae)

Pistacia lentiscus

mastic is an oleoresin containing little oil, obtained from various cultivated varieties of ____ (Anacardiaceae)

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia lentiscus is from the family

mastic

is used in the preparation of compound mastic plant and as a microscopical mountant

• compound mastic plant

• microscopical mountant

mastic is used in the preparation of compound mastic plant and as a microscopical mountant

mastic

in Greece and Middle East, this has been used for centuries as a protective agent for the stomach, and investigations at the University of Nottingham Medical School indicated success in the treatment of gastric ulcers

mastic

research has shown that this will kill Helicobacter pylori at concentrations of 0.06 mg/ml

colophony (rosin)

is the resin remaining in the still after removal of the volatile turpentine oil from the oleoresin of species of Pinus

colophony

is used in pharmacy for the preparation of zinc oxide and other adhesive plasters, ointments, and etc