ib psych paper 1 questions

Describe/Explain one ethical consideration relevant to one study on genetics and behavior. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Caspi et al. (2003)

• Genes

• Gene-environment interaction

• Genetic expression

• Epigenetics

• 5-HTT Gene

• Serotonin

• Anonymity

• Confidentiality/ privacy

Describe/Explain how and why one research method is used to study genetics and behavior. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Curtis et al. (2004)

Evolution Natural selection Disgust

Correlational research

• Explain one evolutionary explanation for behavior, using relevant research.

• Describe one relevant research on one evolutionary explanation for one behavior.

Curtis et al. (2004)

• Evolution

• Natural selection

• Disgust

• Explain/Describe the use of twin studies and/or kinship studies using one study.

• With reference to one research study, explain the genetic similarities for one behavior. 

• Describe one relevant research one the genetic similarity for one behavior.

Kendler et al. (2006)

• Genetic similarity 

• Concordance rate

• Genetic predisposition

• Twin/kinship studies

• + depression ^^^

• Monozygotic

• Dizygotic

• Describe/Explain how genetic inheritance influences human behavior, using one relevant example.

• With reference to one research study, explain the role of genetics in one behavior.

Caspi et al. (2003)

• Genes

• Gene-environment interaction

• Genetic expression

• Epigenetics

• 5-HTT Gene

• Serotonin

Explain/Describe one ethical consideration relevant to studies on hormones and/or pheromones and behavior. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Newcomer et al. (1999)

• Protection from harm

• Debriefing

• Cortisol

• Hormones 

• Memory

Explain/Describe the use of one research method used to study hormones and/or pheromones and behavior. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Newcomer et al. (1999)
Cortisol

• Hormones

• Memory

Lab experiment

• Describe one study of the role of hormones in human behavior.

• Explain the role of one hormone in human behavior, making use of one study.

Newcomer et al. (1999)
Cortisol

• Hormones 

• Memory

• Explain the effects of one pheromone on human behavior.

• Describe one study of the role of pheromones in human behavior.

• Lundstrom & Olsson (2005)

• Androstadienone

• Pheromones

• MHC genes (major histocompatibility complex)

Outline/Explain/Describe one ethical consideration related to studies on the brain and behavior. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Antonova et al. (2011)

• NEUROTRANSMISSION 

• AGONIST

• ANTAGONIST

• EXCITATORY vs INHIBITORY synapse

• Neurotransmitter

• Acetylcholine

• Scopolamine

• Glutamate

• Deception

• Physical harm

• Debriefin

Explain/Describe one research method used to investigate the relationship between brain and behavior, using a relevant example of research. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Draganski et al. (2004)

Lab experiment

• NEURAL/SYNAPTIC PRUNING

• Synapses

• Neuroplasticity

• Dendrites

• Dendritic branching

• Describe neurotransmission, using one relevant piece of research to support your answer.

• Explain the role of one agonist, making use of one study.

• Describe one study on the role of agonists on behahavior and cognition.

• Explain the role of one antagonist, making use of one study.

• Describe one study on the role of antagonists on behahavior and cognition.

• Explain how excitatory or inhibitory synapses play a role in one behavior, making use of one study.

Antonova et al. (2011)

• NEUROTRANSMISSION 

• AGONIST

• ANTAGONIST

• EXCITATORY vs INHIBITORY synapse

• Neurotransmitter

• Acetylcholine

• Scopolamine

• Glutamate

• Explain neural pruning/neural networking, with reference to one relevant research.

• Describe one study on neural networks/neural pruning.

Draganski et al. (2004)

• NEURAL/SYNAPTIC PRUNING

• Synapses

• Neuroplasticity

• Dendrites

• Dendritic branching

• Explain neuroplasticity, using one relevant piece of research to support your answer.

• Explain the formation of neural networks with reference to one study.

Maguire (2000)

• NEUROPLASTICITY

• NEURAL NETWORKS

• Neuron

• Dendrites

• Dendritic branching

• Explain localization of brain function, using one relevant piece of research to support your answer.

• Describe one study on localization of function.

• Explain one technique used to study the brain in relation to behavior.

• Describe one study on one technique used to understand the brain and behaviour.

Maguire

• HIPPOCAMPUS 

• Localization

• Limbic System

• Neuroimaging technology

• MRI 

Evaluate one or more methods used to study the interaction between digital tech & cognitive processes

Field experiment	Rosen et al. (2011)
Survey	Chou & Edge (2012)

Google Effect Digital technology Memory Transactive memory Multitasking

Social Comparison Theory Availability heuristics Self concept Self esteem Google Effect Digital technology Memory Transactive memory

To what extent does technology have a positive and/or negative effect on cognitive processes?

Digital technology Memory Cognitive flexibility	Positive– (video gaming) Kühn et al. (2013)  Glass et al. (2013)
Social Comparison Theory Availability heuristics Self concept Self esteem Google Effect Digital technology Memory Transactive memory	Negative– (social media Chou & Edge (2012) Sparrow et al. (2011) OR Rosen et al. (2011

Discuss/Evaluate the influence of digital technology on cognitive processes.

Sparrow et al. (2011)

Rosen et al. (2011)

• Google Effect

• Digital technology

• Memory

• Transactive memory

• Multitasking

• Discuss ethical considerations with research into emotion and cognition.

(See RM/Ethics ERQ Guide)

Can be asked as an SAQ

• Explain/Describe one ethical consideration in the Cognitive Approach.

• Explain/Describe one ethical consideration when investigating the relationship between emotion and cognition

Informed consent Right to withdraw	Brown & Kulik (1977)
Protection from harm Debriefing	Yuille & Cutshall (1986)

• Evaluate one or more research methods used to investigate emotion and cognition.

(See RM/Ethics ERQ Guide)

.Can be asked as an SAQ

• Explain/Describe one research method in the Cognitive Approach.

• Explain/Describe one research method when investigating the relationship between emotion and cognition

Questionnaire	Brown & Kulik (1977)
Case study	Yuille & Cutshall (1986)

ERQ

Discuss/Evaluate the influence of emotion on one cognitive process. Discuss/Evaluate the research on the influence on emotion on one cognitive process. To what extent does emotion influence one or more cognitive processes?

SAQ

Explain the influence of emotion on one cognitive process, with reference to relevant research. Describe one study on the influence of emotion on one cognitive process.

FLASHBULB MEMORY Emotion Amygdala Hippocampus Affect	Brown & Kulik (1977) Yuille & Cutshall (1986)

• Explain social identity theory with reference to one piece of supporting research.

• Describe one study that investigated the social identity theory,

• Describe one study on social groups. 

• Explain the influence of social groups on an individual’s identity, with reference to one piece of supporting research.

Social Identity Theory Social categorization  Social comparison Minimal group paradigm In-group favoritism Out-group discrimination Social Groups

Tajfel et al. (1971)

• Explain social cognitive theory, making use of one study.

• Describe one study that investigates the social cognitive theory.

Social Cognitive Theory  Observational learning Direct learning Indirect learning Reciprocal determinism Imitation

Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1961)

• Explain one theory of the formation of stereotypes, making use of one study.

• Describe one study that investigates the formation of stereotypes.

Stereotypes Illusory correlation Campbell’s (1967)  two key sources of stereotypes

Hamilton & Gifford (1976)

• Describe one effect of stereotyping on behavior, using one relevant study.

• Explain one effect of stereotyping on behavior, using one relevant study.

• Describe one study on the effect of stereotypes on behavior.

Stereotype Stereotype threat Spotlight anxiety

Steele & Aronson (1995)

Explain/Describe one research method used to investigate the relationship between individuals and groups in the sociocultural approach. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1961)

Lab experiment

Explain/Describe one ethical consideration with sociocultural research into the individual and the group. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Protection from physical harm

Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1961)

• Describe one study of cultural groups.

• Explain the influence of cultural groups on behavior and cognition.

• Describe one study on the influence of culture on behavior and/or cognition. 

• Explain the influence of culture on behavior and/or cognition, using one relevant study.

CULTURAL GROUPS Cultural norms Deep vs. surface culture Memory Schema Cultural Groups

Bartlett (1933)

• Describe one cultural dimension used to explain behavior and cognition.

• Describe one study on one cultural dimension, with reference to relevant research.

Culture Cultural norms Individualism Collectivism Hofstede’s (1973) Cultural Dimensions

Levine & Norenzayan (1999)

Explain/Describe how and why one research method is used to study cultural origins of behavior and/or cognition. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Naturalistic observation

Levine & Norenzayan (1999)

Explain/Describe one ethical consideration relevant to studies on cultural origins of behavior. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Right to withdraw Informed Consent Privacy

Levine & Norenzayan (1999)

• Describe how enculturation influences individual attitudes, identities, and behaviors.

• Explain how norms influence individual attitudes, identities, and behaviors. 

• Describe one study on the how norms affect human cognition and behavior.

• Explain how one study demonstrates the influence of enculturation on attitudes, identity, or behavior.

• Explain how enculturation influences individual behavior

Norms Enculturation Direct tuition Observational learning Gatekeepers Cultural transmission Gender roles

Fagot (1978)

• Describe how acculturation influences individual attitudes, identities, and behaviors.

• Describe one study into acculturation. 

• Explain the process of assimilation, with reference to one relevant research.

• Describe one study on assimilation.

Assimilation Acculturation Acculturative stress Integration Separation Marginalization Berry’s (2008) Acculturation Model

Lueck & Wilson (2010)

Describe/Explain/Outline one research method used to study cultural influences on behavior. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Overt naturalistic observation

Fagot (1978)

Explain/Describe/Outline one ethical consideration relevant to one study on cultural influences on behavior. (See RM/Ethics SAQ Guide)

Informed consent Right to withdraw Privacy of information Deception

Fagot (1978)

ERQs

Contrast two models of memory. Evaluate one theory or model of one cognitive process, with reference to relevant research. Discuss two or more research studies on one memory model.

SAQs

Describe one study that investigates the multi-store memory/working memory model. Explain the multi-store memory/working memory model, with reference to one relevant research. Describe the multi-store memory model, with reference to one relevant research. Describe the working memory model, with reference to one relevant research. Describe one study that investigates multi-store memory model/working memory model.

Multi-Store Model Working Memory Model Miller’s (1956)        Magic Number 7+/-2 Serial Position Primacy Effect Recency Effect	Glanzer & Cunitz (1966) Robbins et al. (1996)

Possible ERQs

Evaluate Schema Theory with reference to relevant research. To what extent can schema theory explain one cognitive process? Discuss schema theory, with reference to relevant research.

Possible SAQs

Explain the schema theory, with reference to relevant research.  Describe one study that investigates the schema theory. Describe one study that investigates the influence of cognitive schema on one cognitive process. Explain the influence of cognitive schema on one cognitive process, with reference to one relevant research.

Cognitive Schema Schema Theory Scripts Assimilation Social schema	Bartlett (1933) Darley & Gross (1983) or Bewer & Treyens (1981

ERQS

Discuss/Evaluate one theory of thinking and decision-making making use of relevant research. Discuss/Evaluate one model in thinking and decision-making. Discuss/Evaluate two or more research studies on one model in thinking and decision-making.

SAQs

Explain one model in thinking and decision-making, with reference to one research study. Describe one study that investigates one model in thinking and decision-making. Explain rational/intuitive thinking, with reference to one research study. Describe one study that investigates rational and intuitive thinking.

Dual Systems Theory INTUITIVE THINKING (SYSTEM 1) RATIONAL THINKING (SYSTEM 2) Thinking Decision-making Heuristics Matching bias	Evans (2003) Alter et al. (2007)

• Contrast two research methods used to investigate cognitive processing.

• Evaluate one or more research methods used to study cognitive processes.

(See RM/Ethics ERQ Guide)

• Can be asked as an SAQ

  • Explain/Describe one research method used in the Cognitive Approach.

  • Explain/Describe one research method used to investigate one cognitive process.

Lab experiment	Loftus & Palmer (1974)
Case study	Yuille & Cutshall (1986)

• Discuss one or more ethical considerations relevant to research on cognitive processes.

(See RM/Ethics ERQ Guide)

• Can be asked as an SAQ

  • Explain/Describe one ethical consideration in the Cognitive Approach.

  • Explain/Describe one ethical consideration when investigating one cognitive process.

Protection from harm Debriefing	Yuille & Cutshall (1986)
Deception	Loftus & Palmer (1974)

ERQs

To what extent is memory reconstructive? Discuss the reliability of one cognitive process. Evaluate/Discuss one example of reconstructive memory.

SAQs

Describe one study on the reconstructive nature of memory. Explain the reconstructive nature of memory, with reference to one relevant research.

Memory/False Memory Schema Reconstructive memory Flashbulb memory* *Critical Think term only	Loftus & Palmer (1974) Yuille & Cutshall (1986)

ERQ

Evaluate/Discuss one or more biases in thinking and decision-making.

SAQs

Describe one study on one bias in thinking and decision-making. Explain one bias in thinking and decision-making, with reference to one relevant research.

Cognitive bias Matching biases Illusory correlation Heuristics	Evans (2003) Alter et al. (2007)

• Evaluate/Discuss the use of one Research Method used to study the reliability of cognitive processes.

(See RM/Ethics ERQ Guide)

Can be asked as an SAQ

• Explain/Describe one research method in the Cognitive Approach.

• Explain/Describe one research method when investigating reliability of one cognitive process.

Lab Experiment Field Experiment

Loftus & Palmer (1974) Yuille & Cutshall (1986)

• Discuss one or more ethical consideration relevant to 1 study on the reliability of cog processes.

(See RM/Ethics ERQ Guide)

Can be asked as an SAQ

• Explain/Describe one ethical consideration in the Cognitive Approach.

• Explain/Describe one ethical consideration when investigating reliability of one cognitive process

Deception Protection from Harm

Loftus & Palmer (1974) Yuille & Cutshall (1986)