ARH PART 2

Tibet

The Roof the world

Five elements of Fatih

the flag colours represent these elements which were yellow, red, green blue and white

Temples (Gompas)

used for religious ceremonies and worship

stupas (chorten)

reliquaries and symbols; important religious monument in Tibet

chorten

usual stupa form consists of bulbous dome

Tibetan Monastery

Original expression of Tibetan architecture, fortess like , sited on hill tops

Fresco

a painting on a wall while the plaster is wer

Samye Monastery

first constructed between 775-9 under King Trisong

Ganden Monastery

one of the great three

Sera Monastery

Wild roses monastery; built surrounded by wild roses

Drepung Monastery

Rice Heap

Tashilihunpo

A historic and culturally important monastery

Mindrolling

special emphasis was placed on the learning of Buddhist scriptures,astronomy, Tibetan lunar calendar

Jokhang Monastery

Considered the spiritual heart of the city

Sakya Monastery

Contains some of the most significant surviving artworks

Tsurphu Monastery

A goompa which serves as the traditional seat of Karmapa

Dorje Drak Monastery

seat of the throne-holder of the monastery

Tibet Potala Palace

The residence of Dalai Lama; now a musuem and world heritage site

Thangka Paintings

a syncretism of chinese scroll painting with Nepalese and Kashmiri painting

BON

shamanistic religion of the Himalayas

Nepal

largest sovereign Himalayan state ; has the eight of the world’s ten tallest mountains

Kathmandu

capital and largest city in Nepal

Dravidian

first inhabitants of Nepal

Durbar Square

plazas opposite old royal palaces

Windowss

intricrate lattice screens on windows

Swayambhunath

aka Monkey Temple, an anciet complez atop a hill ; conical spire in 13 diminishing tiers

Krishna Temple

typical sikhara spire with clusters of small pavilions on each of the 3 arcade

CANDI

• large and sophisticated religious structure

• RUMAH ADAT

• traditional Indonesian home made of timber, bamboo, thatch and fiber

• rumah sehat sederhana (modern)

• Dieng Plateua

• where earliest surviving Hindu temples are

• Kingdom of Mataram

• largest and finest example of Hindu Architecture

• Majapahit Builders

• used mortar of vine sap and palm sugar

• Temples of Majapahit

• strong geometrical quality and almost art-deco sense of streamlining and proportioning

• ISTANA

• palace: architecture of the various kingdoms and realms of Indonesia

• Batavia

• where the Dutch settled . also known as Jakarta

Traditional Thai Houses

• elevation of its building

• the area beneath is used for storage crafts, and lounging

• KUTI

• small structure built on stilts, to house a monk

• WAT

• refer only to a Buddhist site with resident monks,

• LAK MUEANG

• City pillar , a shrine to house Chao Pho Lak Mueang, the city deity

• SALA THAI

• open pavilion used as a meeting place to protect from rain and the sun

Indian Architecture

• Significant contributions to mathematics, spirituality, and Bollywood entertainment

Buddhism:

• Belief in attaining Nirvana by releasing attachment to desire and the self-

Stupa

• housing cremated remains or saintly figures

• Typically semi-spherical in shape, often surrounded by a fence

Great Stupa at Sanchi:

Oldest existing stupa in India

First Use of Dressed Stone:

Torana - Ceremonial gateway

Vediika- Railing

Medhi- Shallow nbermi ringing the base

Parts of Stupa

Stambha

Freestanding memorial pillar

Chatiya

Shrine carved out of solid rock

Wat

Buddhist monastery

HINDUISM

Belief in Supreme being and adherence to certain concepts such as truth,dharma,karma, reincarnation and belief

Trimurti

concept that merges the three hindu gods into a single form with three faces

Vedas

religious text including hymn,liturgical materials, mythological narratives

Shikhara

mountain peak

towering structure atop the sanctum

Yaksha

• Guardians of natural treasures hidden in the earth

Hindu Temples

usually visited on occasions or during religious festivals

DOME AND STEEPLE

INNER CHAMBER

TEMPLE HALL

FRONT PORCH

RESERVOIR

WALKWAY

Parts of Hindu temple

Inner Chamber

- Also called "garbhagriha" or womb chamber.

- Houses deity idol; usually restricted to temple priests.

Temple Hall

- Known as "nata-mandira" or hall for temple-dancing.

- Used for seating, meditation, prayer, and ritual watching.

- Historically used by devadasis for dance rituals; adorned with deity paintings.

Front Porch

- Features a metallic bell for devotees to ring upon entry and exit.

Reservoir

- Constructed if temple lacks nearby natural water bodies.

- Used for rituals, cleaning temple floor, and ritual bathing.

Walkway

- Encircles inner chamber for devotees to circumambulate deity as a sign of respect.

Gopurams

1. Monumental towers

2. Ornate at the entrance of Hindu Temples

3. Symbolize the entrance to the sacred place of the temple

Keshava Temple

Intricate carvings and decorative elements

Dedicated to Lord Vishnuu

Khajuraho Temples

For stunning and explicit structures depicting various

aspects of life

Temple of Devi

1. Dedicated to Devi Jugandto

2. Represent regional temple architecture and religious practices

Orissan Temples

Built in Odisha

Distinct Klainga architectural style

Hindu Religious stages

center on the importance of fulfilling the duties associate both with one's social position and one's stage of life.

Ayurveda

- is an ancient Hindu system of medicine and healing that has found new popularity in the west

today.

Hatha Yoga

- the word "yoga" is usually

understood to refer to the practice of meditative movement. It is one of the paths leading to the ultimate goal of Raja Yoga, or contemplation of

the One Reality.

Kundalini Yoga

- is a tantric form of yoga

focused on awakening the kundalini, the latent

psychic energy that lies at the base of the spine,

and making it rise through the seven chakras to

the top of the spine.

Namaste Greeting

The gesture (or mudra) of namaste is a simple act made by bringing together both palms of the hands before the heart, and lightly bowing the head. It is as a

humble greeting straight from the heart and reciprocated accordingly.

Puja (Pooja)

- is a religious ritual which some Hindus

perform every morning after bathing and dressing but

prior to taking any food or drink. It is seen as a way

of relating humans to the domain and actions of the

divine.

The Sadhu (Holy Man)

- Some Hindus choose to leave their homes and dedicate their lives to spiritual disciplines. They renounce their possessions and

devote themselves to a particular god or meditation, yoga and spiritual discussion.

Temples and Temple Rituals

- A guide to Hindu temples: how they are designed and built and the rituals and ceremonies that take place there.

Gautama Buddha

1. Leader and founder of Sangha ; group of wanderer

Torana

Indian gate way

Made of stone

Entrance to a

Shrine

Stupa

Hindu temple

Consists of two pillars

Adorned with intricate sculptures and similar in design to wooden structures

Shanti Stupa Of Ladakh

a white-colored domed-shaped structure located in Chandspa. It was built by a Japanese Buddhist organization to celebrate 2500 years of Buddhism and promote world peace.

Chaitya

A chaitya is a Buddhist shrine or prayer hall with a stupa at one end. It is also referred to as a chaitya-griha in Indian architecture.

Ajanta Caves

a collection of 29 Buddhist cave temples, some of which were built as early as the 2nd century BC.

Dagoba (Chaitya Hall)

as a Chaitya Hall, which is a type of Buddhist architecture. A Dagoba is a stupa that consists of a low drum with a bell-shaped or dome-like structure on top,

•Viharas—Monastery

1. Dwelling places for wandering monks during the rainy season

1. Ellora Caves

1. Showcases the ancient Indian civilization

Angkor Wat

a renowned temple in Cambodia known for its use of the corbelled arch.

Borobudur

“The great cosmic mountain”

-One of the most impressive Buddhist structures in the world

Borobudur

-Represents (mandala) a geometric symbol of universe.

Islamic Architecture

aka Muslim, Muhammadan or Saracenic Architecture ;Architecture of the veil

Mosque

Also, Masjid or musjid

Muslim building or place of public worship

Minaret

a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer

Minbar

a pulpit in the form of a staircase on which the prayer leader (imam) stands when delivering a sermon after Friday prayer

Iwan

a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open.

Qibla

the direction of the sacred shrine of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, toward which Muslims turn five times each day when performing the salat

The FOUR LEVEL OF PRAYER

The individual(Masjid)

✓ The congregation( jami)

✓ The population of a town,(idgah) and

✓ The entire Muslim world

Masjid

General term for mosque; used for daily prayer

Idgah

place of community; open praying area