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The definition of revelation is
Removal of a veil
what phrase describes materialism according to the text
only those things that are able to be encountered as material objects matter
Friedrich Nietzche proposed that Christian religious belief put forth a ___ morality
Slave
Tradition deals with:
how communities pass down their beliefs
what are some areas of concern for theologians in the contemporary world
climate change, poverty, environmental issues, racial justice
those who believe the bible is literally true in every sense
fundamentalists
three reasons people should study theology
understand themselves, understand history, understand the world
the objective dimension of theology has to do with
how God has been spoken about
sources of theology
human experience, tradition, scripture
as a source of theology, human experience is
how individuals encounter divine presence
if revelation occurs gradually through historical events, it is considered:
mediate
as a source of theology, scripture is
a source of revelation that is believed to be of divine origin
what is the best definition of theology
words about God
which of the following phrases best describe nihilism
there is no meaning, no purpose to existence
the idea that religion will someday die out is known as the
secularization thesis
the definition of existentialism is rooted in the phrase:
existence precedes essence
according to Kant, being enlightened is to rely on ____, to be autonomous
oneself
how did the enlightenment view the claims made in revelation
they had to be judged by reason and could be rejected if they did not hold up
T/F: scientists and religious minded thinkers have ALWAYS contradicted each other
false
if post modern thinkers are correct that there is no objective truth, and only individual subjective truths, what would be a logical response?
to pursue one’s own truth passionately, accepting its subjective nature
one of the core beliefs of fundamentalism is
the belief that all of scripture is literally true and does not contain any type of error
what does autonomy refer to in relation to the Enlightement
the emphasis on individual freedom and rights
describe the concept of fine-tuning in relation to the universe
the precise balance between gravity and explosive force that allows for a life-supporting universe
what was best demonstrated in the Galileo controversy (until more recently)?
conflict
T/F: existentialism asserts that truth is subjective and our journey through life presents an opportunity to be authentic in our own unique understanding of the truth
true
one of the most extreme versions of the rejection of modernity is Christian ___
fundamentalism
according to the text, what is natural selection?
the impersonal and automatic preservation of advantageous variations and elimination of injurious variations
according to the text, what are two major watchwords of the enlightement?
reason and autonomy
how does natural selection contribute to the development of larger brains in humans
favors individuals with larger brains, leading to their increased reproduction
according to _____, since nature is the only reality, the scientific study of nature is the only real form of knowledge
naturalism
other names for liberation theology include:
feminist, latin american, and black theology
what is anthropogenic climate change
the overall rapid change in planetary temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns caused by human activity
what do liberation theologians believe is the primary motivator for their work for social justice
official catholic social teaching, rooted in the gospels that call for love of others
hermeneutics refers to
principles of interpretation
which of the following best describes the role of praxis within liberation theology
praxis emphasizes concrete action aimed at transforming unjust social structures
the first impulse of liberation theologians is to understand God as:
liberator
according to liberation theology, Christian truth can be understood best from a perspective of the ___
poor
according to the central tenets of liberation theology, what role should theology play in society
theology should stop explaining the world and start transforming it by addressing injustices
according to the notion of dialectic presented in class, ideas shape:
the material world that we experience
Liberation theology often emphasizes a specific type of eschatology. What best describes this emphasis
Prophetic eschatology, focused on social justice and transformation within history
what best describes the main focus of liberation theology
challenging social injustice and advocating for the marginalized
What best reflects the eschatological perspective on the Doctrine of Salvation as presented
the universal value of caring for the poor is a determining factor for salvation or condemnation
which region of the world is associated with the origins of liberation theology
Latin America
How do liberation theologians approach biblical hermeneutics?
They interpret the Bible through the experiences of the poor and oppressed, seeking themes of liberation and justice
according to the dialectical relationship presented, what does the material world influence
Ideas
what is the Buddha’s real name
Siddhartha Gautama
Who was considered the God of righteousness and love, protector and sustainer of the world
Vishnu
what notion or concept is directly opposed exclusivism
pluralism
which is not part of the eightfold path in Buddhism
right priority
what was the inspiration behind the Nostra Aetate document
combating anti-judaism in the church
anonymous christian is a term used to describe:
non-christians who lead lives of love and commitment to other people, but do not explicitly know Christ or profess him as the savior
what religion has multiple deities
Hinduism
_____ reformers stressed salvation not by works but solely through faith in Christ
Protestant
_____ designates the position of any religion may be a route to god
Pluralism
the theology of ____ regards Christ as supreme
fulfillment
who is one of the prominent people who believed that the Christian could be certain of his or her salvation
John Wesley
the first truth of Buddhism stresses that life involves:
suffering
what is considered to be a sacred document of Hinduism
Vedas
the cause of suffering, according to Buddhism, is:
cravings
According to Jainism, the central focus of living a spiritual life relates to
not injuring any form of life
which christian group claimed that Jesus was not at all human, but purely divine
docetists
the time period of early Christian history is called the ____
Patristic era
the phrase Greco-Roman means:
Greek & Roman
A family that led a revolt against Roman rule:
Maccabees
T/F: Christianity remained unified with Judaism during the early centuries of Christianity
false
what is Q, as mentioned by biblical scholars
A hypothetical source that both Matthew and Luke had access to, independent of each other
what is the meaning of gnosis
knowledge
theory that the gospels and Matthew and Luke used material from Mark and another, unknown source
Two-Source Hypothesis
what did people following Gnosticism believe
there are two Gods: The Old Testament God and The New Testament God
what did people who follow Arianism believe
Jesus was a good teacher, but he was not God incarnated
In all of the Gospels, how does Jesus relate to the poor
He identifies himself with them and speaks on their behalf
How are the scribes and Pharisees portrayed in the synoptic stories
Advocates of a narrow legalism with respect to the Jewish Law
what is a creed
an official statement of belief
what best describes the process of how the Gospels were composed
The Gospels evolved over time through a combination of oral tradition, community remembrance, and written accounts compiled by various authors and communities
what is the synoptic problem
The high degree of similarity between Matthew, Mark, and Luke’s content and wording
what was one notable characteristic of jesus that led to many early Christian leaders preaching pacifism
His advocacy for peace and nonviolence
what does evangelion mean
good news
what does the word Apologist refer to
One who gives a reason in defense of faith
what does the doctrine of transubstantiation say happens to the bread and wine during the Eucharist
God’s power transforms them into the literal body and blood of Christ, while still appearing as bread and wine
Along with Francis, ___ also established a mendicant order in Spain
Dominic Guzman
How many sacraments are there
7
what is Christendom
the merging of Christianity and culture
who can not go to purgatory
those who died in a state of mortal sin
what are indulgences
a way to complete forgiveness of sins, offered by the church on special occasions
what are Hadith
reports of the words and deeds of the prophet Muhammad and his companions
how did franciscans differ from traditional monastic orders
Franciscans emphasized preaching and living among the people
how did the Crusades represent a shift in Christian thinking about war
Christianity was militarized by adopting the biblical concept of a holy war
what was the main focus of Francis’s teachings
Renunciation of worldly goods and embodying the gospels principles
what does the term “mendicant” suggest about these religious orders
they relied on donations and lived a simple life
which of the following events contributed to the increased power and authority of the Pope during the Middle Ages
The Great Schism, The Fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the Gregorian Reforms
How did Christianity’s view of war change after the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity
It gradually accepted the concept of justified wars under certain conditions
what were the two major sources of medieval anti-judaism
Economic resentment and religious intolerance
how did the medieval church respond to the rise of heretical movements
It adopted a dual approach, combining positive outreach (preaching by the mendicants) with mechanisms of control and repression
What does ad fontes mean
back to the sources
T/F: Scriptures tend to be a translation
True
What was the Reformation
Key event that started with Martin Luther concerning Christian Liberty
How many theses did Luther write
95
what does heresy mean
against orthodox belief/religion
what are luther’s reforms
sola gratia, fides, scriptura
what is the diet of worms
a meeting of rulers and church leaders
