oceans exam

point source pollution

comes from sincle source like oil or chemical spill

non point source polution

result of runoff, septic systems and storm drains

atmospheric deposition

burning fossil fuels

4 causes of increased mucury concentrations

atmospheric disposition, waste incineration, manufacture chemicals, lighting and electronics

bioaccumilation

chemicals in seawater taken up Tonto biological tissue of fish

biomagnification

chemicals passed through food chain concentrated in tissue of larger organisms like tuna

minmata disease

loss of senses, paralysis and birth defects, consumed though seafood mucury poisoning

1990 clean air act

limits on mercury emissions

2011 murury and air toxics standards

steady and large decrease in power plant murcury emissions

4 things about Persistant organic pollutants (pops)

used for disease control, toxic and bio magnified, do not break down, travel long distances

4 examples of POPS and uses

DDT-insectiside for mosquitoes, PCB-electrical insulation, PBDE0synthetic flame retardents, PFAS-emerging group of POPS (forever chemicals)

what 3 things do murury and POPS have in common

human activities increase concentration, bio magnified, negative health effects

Stockholm convention of POPS

reduces or eliminates production, use, release of certain POPS

Eutrophication

process of excess nutrient inputs into body of water (phosphorus/nitrogen)

thermocline

temp changes rapidly

halociline

salinity changes rapidly

pycnocline

density changes rapidly

3 things about estuary stratification

wind and waves mix water, summer heat intensifies, deepwater cut off from atmosphere cause hypoxia

2 things required to create hypoxxic conditions

excess nutrient imputs and stratified water column

3 harmful algae bloom and their effect from consuming shelfish

breventoxin-neurotoxic, sacitoxin-paralytic, domoic acid-amnesiac shellfish poisoning

natural source of nitrogen

organic debris

natural source of phosphorus

rock and soil

whats the largest dead zone

gulf of mexcico

top 2 pollutants

50% agriculture, 26% atmospheric depostion

9 solutions to excess nutrient pollution

less fertilitizer, prevent runnoff, conservation tillage, year round ground cover, field buffers, wetland restoration, recyced nitrogen, green energy, storm and waste water management

dentrification

increased N removal

what is plastic made of

crude oil

what % of all plastic is in landfill or environment

60%

what is ocean gire

each ocean basin rotates and circulates water from wind driven currents and as earth rotates (where plastic accumulates)

what is garbage patch, the largest one, and where they are located

area where marine debris and microplastics collect, great pacific garbage patch, far from shore

what are argo floats used for

understand how ocean circulates and it structure. Have sensors and send data to satellites

how many tons of plastic in ocean

93-230,000 tons

what is wishcycling

putting non recclab;le items in, messes up process and ruins entire bales

what % in US is actually recycled

10%

7 ways to reduce plastic pollution

consumer choice, gov reg, reusing, replacing plastic, responsible handling, trap microfibers, clean it up

3 negative things about ocean cleanup

increased fossil fuels, distruction of free-floating animals, less investment in plastic prevention