Chest/Cardiac/Vascular DDX and facts

intrapulmonary gas fluid level ddx

lung abscess e.g. necrotising pneumonia, TB

cavitating lung cancer/mets with necrotic debris

Hilar nodes with egg shell cal ddx

sarcoid

silicosis

treated lymphoma(radiotherapy)

bilateral hilar node ddx

sarcoidosis

TB

lymphoma

perilymphatic nodules ddx

sarcoid

silicosis

coal worker’s pneumoconiosis

lymphoma

lymphangitis carcinomatosis

consolidation + lymphadenopathy ddx

TB

Sarcoid

lymphoma

centrilobular nodule ddx

TB

endobronchial mets

obliterative bronchiolitis

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

halo sign(nodule with GG halo) ddx

Infection - angioinvasive aspergillosis, septic emboli, viral pneumonia

Inflammatory - GPA, goodpasture, organising pneumonia

Neoplasia - mets (angiosarcoma/choriocarcinoma/melanoma)

single pleural mass ddx

INFECTION - TB, empyema

NEOPLASIA

Pleural - solitary fibrous tumour, mesothelioma, mets, lymphoma, lipoma, thymoma

Chest wall - sarcoma. schwannoma

Necrotic/Cystic lymphadenopathy ddx

INFECTION - TB, pyogenic bacterial lymphadenitis

NEOPLASIA - SCC, papillary thyroid carcinoma, treated lymphoma

Coeliac disease - cavitating mesenteric LN syndrome

Air Crescent Sign ddx

Aspergilloma

Invasive aspergillosis - retraction of necrotic centre

Lung cancer

TB

Haematoma

PCP - pneumocystis jirovecii

diffuse pleural thickening ddx

malignant mesothelioma

pleural mets (adenocarcinoma e.g. breast/lung)

empyema

pleural fibrosis(TB/Fungal)

Miliary nodules ddx

Miliary mets (thyroid, melanoma, sarcoma, *breast/lung*)

TB

Sarcoid

Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis

Histoplasmosis

Complete opaque hemithorax ddx

pneumonectomy

massive pleural effusion

total lung collapse

Multiple cavitating lung nodules ddx

Neoplasia/Mets - SCC, sarcoma, melanoma, colorectal

infection - TB, bacterial septic emboli, fungal

Collagen vascular - GPA, RA

Granulomatous disease - LCH, Sarcoid

Vascular - infarction

Solitary cavitating lesion ddx

Neoplasia - SCC primary lung

Lung abscess

cavitating pneumonia

pulmonary infarct

haematoma

Cavitating pneumonia bugs

Strep pneumoniae

Aspergillus spp

Legionella

Staph aureus

TB

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia key feature

lower zone predominant

GGO

interstitial thickening

perivascular cyst

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis key feature

thin walled cyst gradually replacing normal lung tissue

chylothorax

lymphadenopathy

Renal/Adrenal/Hepatic/Retroperitoneal AMLs