1st-mid Science Reviewer (g8)

A complex organic compound that is rich in chemical energy

Food

Give examples of food

-Rice
-Meat

-Fuits

-Vegetables

It is the process where food is broken down into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and utilize.

Digestion

It extracts from the food the nutrients that will make the body stay healthy and do various of activities.

Digestion

Processes Involved in the Digestion of Food

1. Ingestion

2. Transport of Food

3. Secretion of Materials

4. Digestion of food

5. Absorption

6. Assimilation

7. Excretion

Breaks down the food into small pieces by the action of some accessory organs without changing the food’s chemical composition (physical and mechanical digestion)

Digestion of food

process where feces are expelled from the body through the anus.

Defecation

It is the process of eating. When you eat, you put the food into your mouth. Thus _______ is putting food into the mouth.

indigestion

It is the secretion of the different digestive glands, collectively called digestive juice.

Secretion of materials

enumerate the examples of digestive juice

-Saliva

-Gastric juice

It simplifies complex food materials.

Enzymes

Begins when the food is swallowed.

Transport of Food

A wave-like contraction of the muscular walls of different organs of the digestive tract transports the chewed food to different organs of digestion.

Peristalsis

This process brings the final products of digestion(called nutrients)

Absorption

Process wherein the nutrients formed by the digestive process are brought by the blood to the different cells.

Assimilation

Process of removing waste products from the body.

Excretion

Anterior opening where food enters.

Mouth

A posterior opening where the undigested residue called feces exits

Anus

Give the organs of the alimentary tract

1. Mouth

2. Pharynx

3. Esophagus

4. Stomach

5. Small Intestine

6. Large Intestine

7. Rectum

8. Anus

Enumerate the accessory glands of digestion

-Liver

-Pancreas

-Salivary

-Gastric

-Intestinal Glands

It ingests the food. Adapted to break down food mechanically and chemically.

Mouth or Buccal Cavity

What are the three functions of a muscular tongue?

1. Aids in tasting due to its numerous taste buds that are spread in its entire surface.

2. Mixes food with saliva secreted by the salivary glands.

3. Aids in swallowing partly digested food.

it contains salivary amylase

Saliva

A salivary amylase breaks down carbohydrate-rich foods into simpler equivalents.

pytalin

A ball-shaped mass that is chewed and lubricated.

Bolus

It is located posterior to the mouth. Common passageway for digestion and respiration.

Pharynx/Throat

The flap of the muscles that cover the opening of trachea so food finds its right way and passing if air temporarily stops.

Epiglottis

The muscular tube that conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach.

Esophagus

How long the esophagus is?

10 inches (25 centimeters) long

A wavelike contraction that begins in the middle of portion of esophagus.

Peristalsis

It facilitates the movement of the bolus down the different organs of digestion.

Peristalsis

A pear-shaped organ that is connected to the distal end of esophagus.

Stomach

its interior walls are folded and contains numerous gastric glands.

Stomach

Give the cells that secrete materials that the gastric glands composed of.

1. Hydrochloric Acid

2. Pepsinogen

3. Mucus

It is a protein-digesting enzyme.

Pepsin

Protects the stomach lining from the corroding effects of hydrochloric acid.

Mucus

It changes the bolus into a semifluid consistency.

Chyme

A long, coiled tube that fills the abdomen.

Small intestine

Enumerate the three regions of the small intestine

1. duodenum

2. jejunum

3. Ileum

Considered as the organ of complete digestion and absorption because its intestinal glands secretes the final enzymes for digestion.

Small intestine

Also called the colon

Large Intestine

The organ next to the small intestine that temporarily stores undigested residue or feces.

Large intestine

Enumerate the three regions of the large intestine.

1. ascending colon

2. transverse colon

3. descending colon

It has blind corner called the caecum that bears the worm-like appendix.

Ascending colon

An out-pocketing of the ascending colon of the large intestine.

Appendix

Its role in the body is still unclear and its removal during appendectomy does not usually result to any negative consequences on the body.

Appendix

This serves as a warehouse for undigested residue or feces

Rectum

Function as the exit point for feces materials

Anus/anal canal

Glands that secrete chemical substances into the organs of digestion. Their secretions help in the digestive process

the accessory organs of digestion

They play vital roles in the digestive process.

Liver and pancreas

It is the largest internal organ in the body. Its function is the secretion of bile which is important in digestion.

Liver

Stored and concentrated in the gallbladder

Bile

The large, elongated, and yellowish gland that lies posterior to the stomach.

Pancreas

Enumerate the enzymes the small berry-like cluster secretes in the pancreas.

1. Amylopsin

2. Trypsin

3. Steapsin

Phase of digestion that breaks down food into smaller pieces and changes food into a semifluid consistency without changing its chemical composition.

Mechanical Digestion

It is the process of chewing

Mastication

Process where the chemical composition of food is changed (from complex to simple) by the action of enzymes.