Urbanization (Prehistoric Era to 600 CE)

Tigris

Euphrates

Tigris

Euphrates

Rivers of Mesopotamia

Yellow

Yangzte

Rivers of China

Indus

India’s river

Nile

Egypt’s river

Constantinople

Because of its strategic location, _______ grew into a thriving city despite the lack of good local farmland or freshwater.

Tyre

a Phoenician city situated on an island;

Corinth

Greece's ____ had an acropolis atop a tall hill overlooking the harbor, and

Petra

which is situated in a desert and is only accessible via a strenuous journey through a pass.

Chang’an

the ancient capital of China, was secured by surrounding mountain routes that kept roving intruders at bay.

Sparta

a plains-based city

Rome

was insufficiently protected by its seven hills above the Tiber River.

Jericho (7000 BCE)

One of the oldest cities in the world, it was a significant settlement for its time, with 2,000 inhabitants, and was mentioned in the Bible for its supposedly unbreakable walls that protected its occupants.

Mycenae

(Agamemnon’s capital), is known for its famous Lion Gate (1200 BCE).

Lion Gate

Mycenae was known for its famous?

Ishtar Gate

Babylonia, which is known for its great ______ (550 BCE).

Pataliputra

(Mauryan’s capital), had 570 towers and a moat.

Teotihuacan

(450 CE) colossal complex — found near Mexico City.

Teotihuacan

• There were 600 pyramid temples in the city and 200,000 inhabitants.

• It was called the "Place of the Gods" by the Aztecs.

Giza

The ____ pyramids in Egypt were built to reinforce the pharaoh's reputation as the protector of maat, or cosmic equilibrium.

Parthenon

Pericles constructed the ___in the fifth century BCE to highlight Athens' dominance over other Greek city-states.

Ur (5000 BCE)

• It was located alongside the Euphrates River.

• It housed a famous ziggurat tower and served as a long-standing Mesopotamian religious hub.

• It was cited in the Jewish Bible as the homeland of Abraham.

Mohenjo-Daro

Harappa

Cities on the banks of the Indus River and a tributary were in what is now Pakistan.

Ao

One of Shang dynsaty’s capital, was enclosed by a wall that took 19,000 men, 18 years to construct, working 330 days per year, 30 feet high, and 65 feet wide.

pharaohs

Memphis and Thebes on the Nile were ruled by the ______, and their urban monuments served as evidence of Egypt's strength and prestige.