SAT Math Formulas

Slope formula

m = (y₂ - y₁) / (x₂ - x₁)

Slope of standard form (Ax + By = C)

-A / B

Slope of horizontal line

0

Slope of vertical line

Undefined

Perpendicular lines slope relation

Opposite reciprocals (product equals -1)

Quadratic formula

x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / (2a)

Discriminant (b² - 4ac) outcomes

>0: 2 real solutions; =0: 1 real;

Vertex x-coordinate (standard form y = ax² + bx + c)

x = -b / (2a)

Vertex form of a parabola

y = a(x - h)² + k, where (h, k) is the vertex

Sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon

180° · (n - 2)

Distance formula

d = √((x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²)

Midpoint formula

((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2)

45°-45°-90° triangle side ratio

a : a : a√2

30°-60°-90° triangle side ratio

a : a√3 : 2a

Circle equation (standard form)

(x - h)² + (y - k)² = r²

Convert degrees to radians

Multiply by π / 180°

Trig complementary angle theorem

sin(θ) = cos(90° - θ)

Arc length formula

(central angle / 360°) · 2πr

Area of a sector formula

(central angle / 360°) · πr²

Percent change formula

((new - original) / original) · 100%