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Research
The systematic investigation into and study of materials and resources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Care
Distinct characteristic of a researcher
Utility Competency
Ability to troubleshoot during unexpected scenario
technical competency
ability to use available technologies
Effort
time and skill
service
willingness of the researcher to serve others, to do good
Patience
intra (within) and extra (outside) group
Guts and risk
considering options
Post-positivist
everything should be quantified to produce meaningful concrete results
Constructivist
experience expressed through words can paint a better picture of a certain phenomena
Transformative
researchers supports the idea that research should increase quality of life and produce better societies
Pragmatic
The use of both qualitative and quantitative data in expressing research findings
Qualitative
Quantitative
Mixed Approach
Research approaches
Qualitative Research
An approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem
Quantitative Research
approach for testing objective theories by examining relationship among variables
Mixed approach
inquiry involving collecting both quantitative and qualitative data and integrating the two forms of data
Researcher
In Qualitative research, the _____ is the data-gathering instrument
Subjective
In Quantitative research, ______ individual’s interpretation of event is important
Conceptualization (concept making)
Design Phase (planning)
Empirical Phase (data collection)
Analytical Phase (data analysis and interpretation)
Dissemination (utilization)
Research process
Traditional
manuscripts are written by chapter
International
manuscripts are written in introduction-method-results-discussion (IMRAD) format and content based on american psychological association (APA, 7th edition standards).
INTRODUCTION-METHOD-RESULT-and-DISCUSSION
IMRAD stands for?
OLFU - RDIC
_______ promotes the use of APA style and content, use of 6,000 - 9,000 word range for the whole manuscript and the following sections / outline of the manuscript.
Gantt Chart
A chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows the amount of work done or production completed in certain periods of time in relation to the amount planned for those period.
Quantitative approach
Statistical, mathematical or computational method
Quantitative approach
Expressions are in numerical forms, objectivity of data
Quantitative approach
Aim is to find the relationship between one variable to another variable
Non-experimental
Experimental
Types of Quantitative research approach
Non-experimental
What type of quantitative approach is the association or connections between variables
Non-experimental
What type of quantitative approach if “Without manipulation of variables”
Experimental
Establishes causality and often used when an intervention is being studied
Experimental
With manipulation of variables
Survey Research
Most common method used for quantitative study and be in form of questionnaire or interview
Correlational research
determine the relationship between two variables
(e.g resilience to happiness)
Positive Correlation
increase, increase
Negative correlation
Increase, decrease
comparative Research
descriptive data, showing that a difference exists but does not imply causation
Comparative research
Example:
Is there a difference significant in the level of knowledge of G11 students when grouped into age?
Quasi Experimental
studies that aim to evaluate interventions but don’t use randomization. Similar to randomized trials, it aims to demonstrate causality between an intervention and an outcome.
Quasi Experimental
Effectiveness of listening to classical music to the students perceived stress. (pre and post test)
True Experimental
all studies with at least one independent variable that is experimentally manipulated and with at least one dependent or outcome variable
True experimental
Example: effectiveness of compost fertilizer to the growth of plant
Variables
Defined as anything that has a quantity or quality that varies
variables
They are anything that takes on different values, typically numerical values.
Variables
Examples: Age, gender, height, hair color, health parameters (vital signs, hobbies and a lot more)
Independent (X)
This is presumed cause. The variable that is being manipulated by the researcher
Independent (X)
it is stable and unaffected by the other variable that you are trying to measure
Dependent (Y)
This is presumed effect. Assumes the charge brought about by the independent variable
Dependent (Y)
This is the variable that is being measured by the researcher
Extraneous/Erroneous
The unwanted variables. also called as confounding variables, because their presence influences the outcome in undesirable way
Extraneous/Erroneous
There is a need to limit or control this type of variable as much as possible