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Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key musical works, styles, instrument families, and formal terms for the final exam review.
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Alleluia: Vidimus Stellam
Anonymous chant from the Mass for Epiphany; a cappella male chorus; Early Middle Ages
As Vesta Was Descending
Thomas Weelkes madrigal from The Triumphs of Oriana; a cappella mixed vocal ensemble; Renaissance
Dido’s Lament (from Dido and Aeneas)
Henry Purcell opera recitative and aria; female soloist with string orchestra & continuo; Baroque
Partita BWV 825 in B-flat Major – Gigue
Johann Sebastian Bach solo harpsichord dance-suite movement; Baroque
Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K. 525, Mov. III “Minuet and Trio”
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart string orchestra piece in ternary form; Classical
Symphony No. 40 in G minor, Mov. I
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart orchestral work in sonata form; Classical
Der Erlkönig
Franz Schubert through-composed art song for male soloist & piano; Romantic
Maple Leaf Rag
Scott Joplin solo piano rag; cornerstone of Ragtime style (late Romantic/early 20th c.)
Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Mov. IV
Ludwig van Beethoven choral-orchestral cyclical symphony movement; Romantic
Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun
Claude Debussy Impressionistic symphonic poem for orchestra
Lost Your Head Blues
Bessie Smith early 20th-century classic blues; female vocalist with small combo
It Don’t Mean a Thing (If It Ain’t Got That Swing)
Duke Ellington swing-era big-band piece featuring male soloists
Salt Peanuts
Dizzy Gillespie bebop tune for jazz quintet; mid-20th c.
Signs
Five Man Electrical Band 1960s rock song for rock combo
Short Ride in a Fast Machine
John Adams minimalist symphonic poem for orchestra
Medium
Type of performing group used in a piece (e.g., string orchestra, jazz quintet)
Instrumental Family
Group of instruments that produce sound in the same basic manner
Winds
Instruments that produce sound by blowing air through or across them
Woodwinds
Wind instruments primarily made of wood (flute/piccolo are metal exceptions)
Brass
Wind instruments made of brass (e.g., trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba)
Strings
Instruments producing sound by vibration of stretched strings (violin, cello, etc.)
Percussion
Instruments producing sound by striking an object or membrane
Common Orchestral Woodwinds
Flute/Piccolo, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon
Common Orchestral Brass
French horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba
Common Orchestral Strings
Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Harp
Chant
Monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the early Middle Ages
Madrigal
Secular a cappella vocal piece of the Renaissance, often polyphonic
Opera Recitative & Aria
Alternating speech-like and lyrical sections that convey plot and emotion in Baroque opera
Dance Suite
Baroque instrumental collection of stylized dances (e.g., Allemande, Courante, Gigue)
Ternary Form (ABA)
Three-part musical structure with a contrasting middle section
Sonata Form
Classical structure with Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation
Through-Composed
Song form with continuously new music for each stanza
Symphonic Poem
Single-movement orchestral work that illustrates a programmatic idea
Ragtime
Late-19th/early-20th-century piano style featuring syncopated (“ragged”) rhythms
Swing
1930s big-band jazz style characterized by strong rhythmic “swing” feel
Bebop
1940s small-combo jazz style noted for fast tempos and complex improvisation
Minimalism
Late-20th-century style using steady pulse, repetition, and gradual change