Human Phys questions exam 1

32

how many ATP molecules are produced through aerobic respiration

oxygen

final acceptor in electron transport chain

2

What is the net yield of ATP glycolysis fermentation can create with one glucose molecule?

atpase

Breaks down ATP into ADP and a phosphate group. run backwards it is atp synthase

true

true or false, only a very small amount can be stored as ATP is an unstable molecule

phosphocreatine

a somewhat larger amount of high-energy phosphates can be stored as what?

ammonia and carbon dioxide

what are the two major outputs of aerobic respiration

lactate

what is the major output of glycolysis fermentation

storage/release of extra ATP

why is creatine’s ability to become phosphocreatine and accept a phosphate group so important for ATP?

false

true or false aerobic respiration has a faster relative rate of ATP production than glycolysis lactic acid fermentation

storage of phosphocreatine

source of ATP for short distance running events? (100m)

glycolysis lactic fermentation

source of ATP for middle distance running events? (100m)

electron transport chain

couples electrons moving through a series of energetically favorable redox reactions, with the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane.

mechanical rotation

what type of movement is fueled by movement of protons via concentration gradient through ATP synthase

prokaryotic

what type of cells do not ever have nucleus?

loss of cell wall, ability to change shape of outer membrane

key early features of eukaryotic cells

cell wall

what major outer structure is find in prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells

membrane-bound nucleus

what major inner structure is find in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells

cytoskeleton

a dynamic network of protein fibers that extends throughout the cytoplasm and gives a cell its shape, structural support, and ability to move

endocytosis

The active transport process where a cell engulfs bulk external materials by folding its plasma membrane inward to form a vesicle.

exocytosis

The active transport process where intracellular vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete bulk substances out into the extracellular space.

endocytosis

the ability to do _____ lead to formation of new spaces within cells

predatory

the ability to do endocytosis opened the door to what new type of lifestyle

Endosymbiont

An organism that lives inside the body or cells of another organism (the host), typically in a mutualistic relationship

mitochondria

aerobic respiration cell from bacteria was brought into a cell in endocytosis and eventually becoming an endosymbiont. what organelle did this become?

colonial arrangement (colonies)

A cluster of genetically identical or similar individual unicellular organisms living physically together. If separated, individual cells can typically survive, feed, and reproduce independently

multicellular

An individual organism composed of multiple specialized cells organized into tissues and organs. The cells are interdependent; individual cells cannot survive on their own outside the system

interstitial space

the surrounding environment of all our cells

epithelium

sheet of cells

ectoderm

an epithelium bounded by the outside environment

interstitial space

space inside a multicellular organism (enclosed epithelium), but outside any cell

convection

mass migration of molecules as a result of a pressure gradient

Endoderm

The epithelium lining the internal gut cavity

Mesoderm

Epithelium in between the ectoderm and the endoderm

Mesoderm

Layer containing muscle cells and connective tissue

Interstitial fluid and extracellular matrix

Two main components of interstitial space

sequencing, number, and shape of the amino acids

three major ways enzymes could differ based on the amino acids that make them up

biosynthesis

converting energetically unfavorable reactions into energetically favorable ones