C7 Organic Chemistry

what is a hydrocarbon?

what is a hydrocarbon?

a molecule made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms

what is the general formula for alkanes?

CnH2n+2

name the first four alkanes

1. methane

2. ethane

3. propane

4. butane

what is an alkane?

a saturated single bonds only hydrocarbon

what is an alkene?

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double carbon-carbon bond

what is the general formula for alkenes?

CnH2n

what is the functional group of alkenes?

C=C

name the first four alkenes

1. ethene

2. propene

3. butene

4. pentene

what is a functional group?

the part of a molecule that determines how it reacts

why are alkenes unsaturated?

they contain two fewer hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms

describe the combustion of alkenes

• complete combustion produces carbon dioxide and water

• incomplete combustion is more likely, it results in the alkenes burning in the air with a smoky flame

describe the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen (hydrogenation)

• the two atoms from the hydrogen molecule are added across the carbon-carbon double bond to form an alkane

• the reaction requires a temperature of around 150 degrees and a nickel catalyst

describe the reaction of alkenes with halogens (halogenation)

the two atoms from the halogen molecule are added across the carbon-carbon double bond so it turns into a carbon-carbon single bond

describe the reaction of alkenes with water (hydration)

alkenes react with steam at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst (phosphoric acid) to form alcohols

what is the functional group for alcohols?

-OH

give three uses of alcohols

• fuels

• solvents

• alcoholic drinks

name the first four alcohols

1. methanol

2. ethanol

3. propanol

4. butanol