Organic Chem - Alcs and Ethers and Polymers

alcohol

a compound with an –OH (hydroxyl group) attached to a carbon group

ether

an - O - as its functional group

Alcohols can vary and be classified depending on where their

–OH group is located

Primary alcohol

hydroxyl group is bonded to terminal (first) carbon

secondary alc

hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon with two alkyl groups

Tertiary alcohol

hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon with three alkyl groups

Naming Alcohols

• Identify the longest carbon chain

• If there is only one –OH group, the compound has the suffix –ol. If more, use –diol, or -triol

• Number the parent chain from the end so that the –OH group is attached to the carbon atom with the lowest possible number

• Identify any other branches and their locations.

Properties of Alcohols

• higher boiling points than their corresponding alkane because of the –OH group

• -OH group makes alcohol more polar

• The longer the alkyl portion (C-H), the less polar the molecule

Naming Ethers

• Add –oxy to the prefix of the smaller hydrocarbon group and join it to the alkane name of the larger carbon group

• A number is used to indicate which carbon of the larger chain the oxygen has attached to. • Note: number the larger chain from the O outward.

Properties of Ethers:

• Structure is similar to that of water and alcohol

• It is more polar than the corresponding alkane group, but less polar than alcohol.

• Higher boiling point than their corresponding hydrocarbons, but lower boiling point than similar alcohol

• Form good solvents for organic substances as they readily mix with both polar and non-polar substances

order of priority (12)

hydroxyl

OH group

what do you call it when only one OH is on a benzene

phenol

what do you call it when more than one OH is on a benzene

use benzene for the main name