Cyanobacteria, Algae, Fungi & Lichens – Long Exam 4 Reviewer

70 fill-in-the-blank flashcards that highlight major concepts, structures, pigments, life cycles, and representative taxa from the lecture notes on cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, and lichens.

Cyanobacteria lack a true nucleus but possess a region.

nucleoid

The cell wall of cyanobacteria is composed of .

peptidoglycan

Photosynthetic pigments in cyanobacteria include chlorophylls, carotenoids, and .

phycobiliproteins

During oxygenic photosynthesis, cyanobacteria release gas.

oxygen

Thick-walled resting cells that allow cyanobacteria to survive harsh conditions are called .

akinetes

True branching filaments are characteristic of the cyanobacterial order .

Stigonematales

The uniseriate filamentous cyanobacterium in Oscillatoriales is .

Oscillatoria

The health-food cyanobacterium commonly known as Spirulina belongs to the order .

Spirulinales

The bioluminescent, red-tide dinoflagellate is .

Pyrodinium bahamense

The transverse groove that houses one dinoflagellate flagellum is the .

cingulum

Members of the division Euglenophyta move using a whip-like .

flagellum (flagella)

The siliceous shell of a diatom is called a .

frustule

The yellowish accessory pigment characteristic of Chrysophyta is .

xanthophyll

Size restoration in diatoms after repeated divisions occurs via an .

auxospore

Brown algae store reserve carbohydrates mainly as and mannitol.

laminarin

The cell wall of brown algae contains cellulose reinforced with .

alginates

The giant kelp genus belonging to class Heterogeneratae is .

Laminaria

A life cycle with morphologically similar haploid and diploid generations is termed alternation.

isomorphic

Red algae possess accessory pigments collectively known as .

phycobilins

The red alga commonly harvested for agar production is .

Gracilaria

Coralline, calcified red algae often belong to the genus .

Galaxaura

Green algae typically store food reserves in the form of .

starch

The unicellular motile green alga with a cup-shaped chloroplast is .

Chlamydomonas

Large motile colonies composed of thousands of biflagellated cells form the green alga .

Volvox

The unbranched filamentous green alga that reproduces by conjugation is .

Spirogyra

A coenocytic, siphonous green alga without cross walls belongs to the genus .

Caulerpa

The scientific study of fungi is called .

mycology

Filamentous structures that make up the body of a fungus are termed .

hyphae

A mass of interwoven fungal hyphae is known as a .

mycelium

Fungal hyphae lacking septa are described as .

coenocytic

The microscopic sac in which ascospores develop is the .

ascus

The common bread mold Rhizopus stolonifer belongs to the phylum .

Zygomycota

The yeast used in baking and brewing is .

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The deadly mushroom known as the death cap is .

Amanita phalloides

Club-shaped cells on which basidiospores form externally are called .

basidia

Potent RNA-polymerase-inhibiting toxins in some mushrooms are collectively termed .

amatoxins

The symbiotic association of a fungus with a photosynthetic partner is called a .

lichen

In lichens, the fungal partner is referred to as the .

mycobiont

Foliose, crustose, and fruticose describe different forms of lichens.

growth

The fruticose "beard lichen" belongs to the genus .

Usnea

The brown algal pigment responsible for its color is .

fucoxanthin

Asexual spores produced inside a sporangium in Zygomycota are called .

sporangiospores

The ballistospore discharge mechanism is characteristic of the phylum .

Basidiomycota

The algal division entirely lacking flagellated stages is .

Rhodophyta

The body of an alga is generally called a .

thallus

Cyanobacterial micro-compartments housing RuBisCO are known as .

carboxysomes

Biflagellated gametes are typical of the green sea lettuce genus .

Ulva

Nitrogen-fixing cells formed in some filamentous cyanobacteria are called .

heterocysts

The unique dinoflagellate nucleus with persistently condensed chromosomes is termed a .

dinokaryon

Microalgae responsible for many harmful algal blooms belong to division .

Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates)

The medicinal "reishi" mushroom belongs to the genus .

Ganoderma

Tiny propagules consisting of algal cells wrapped in fungal hyphae that lichens use for asexual reproduction are .

soredia

Short motile fragments that break off cyanobacterial filaments are called .

hormogonia

The larger upper half of a diatom frustule is termed the .

epitheca

The principal storage product in red algae is starch.

floridean

A closed, wall-enclosed ascocarp without an opening is known as a .

cleistothecium

Cross walls that divide fungal hyphae into compartments are called .

septa

The symbiosis between termites and Termitomyces mushrooms is an example of a relationship.

mutualistic

The primary hepatotoxic compound found in Amanita phalloides is .

alpha-amanitin (an amatoxin)

The common name "kelp" is most closely associated with the brown-algal genus .

Laminaria

Asci of many Pezizales exhibit a (blue/amyloid) reaction when treated with iodine.

amyloid (blue)

A commercially valuable thickening agent extracted from brown algae is .

alginate

A relationship in which one partner benefits while the other is harmed is termed .

parasitic

The swollen tip of an Aspergillus conidiophore is called a .

vesicle

Yeasts that reproduce chiefly by budding are classified in the order .

Saccharomycetes

The thick-walled zygospore in Rhizopus forms after fusion of paired .

gametangia

The class of green algae that includes coenocytic genera like Caulerpa is .

Ulvophyceae

Fusion of two fungal nuclei is referred to as .

karyogamy

In Basidiomycota, meiosis takes place inside the .

basidium

The yellow secondary metabolite with antibiotic properties found in many lichens is acid.

usnic