Shock and Bleeding: Key Concepts for Emergency Response and Treatment

What three failures cause shock?

inadequate blood volume, inadequate heart function, and inadequate vascular resistance.

What are the three stages of shock?

compensated shock, decompensated shock, and irreversible shock.

What is an early sign of shock?

increased heart rate.

What is a late sign of shock?

significant drop in blood pressure.

What is a sign of irreversible shock?

organ failure.

What type of shock runs a high fever?

high fever.

Ventilation in early stages of shock is fast and deep. True or False?

True.

Late stages of shock contain what type of ventilation?

slow and shallow

During compensated shock, the patient's systolic blood pressure is greater than what?

90 mmHg.

In decompensated shock, the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than what?

less than 90 mmHg.

Where does blood go during shock?

Blood is redirected away from non-essential organs to vital organs.

What do the blood vessels do to direct the blood during shock?

constrict to redirect blood flow to vital organs.

Shivering is a good way for the body to generate heat. True or False?

True.

What do pupils do in early stages of shock?

dilate.

What is another name for shock?

hypoperfusion.

A patient suffering from shock will be hypoxic. True or False?

True.

What can cause a patient to lose volume?

hemorrhage, dehydration, or severe burns.

The loss of volume is what kind of shock?

hypovolemic shock.

What is the definition of hemorrhage?

loss of blood from the circulatory system

What causes cardiogenic shock?

the heart's inability to pump effectively, often due to a heart attack.

Where does left heart failure (LHF) back up to?

lungs, causing pulmonary congestion.

Where does right heart failure (RHF) back up to?

to the body, causing systemic congestion.

What is the number one cause of left heart failure?

coronary artery disease.

Capillaries leak what substance when irritated?

plasma

Output = what and what?

heart rate and stroke volume.

Heart rate X what equals stroke volume?

contractility

Organ failure happens in what stage of shock?

refractory

Hypovolemic shock is from losing what specifically?

blood volume.

During neurogenic shock, your vessels vasodilate where?

peripheral areas.

Anaphylactic shock is caused from what?

severe allergic reactions.

Even in anaphylactic shock, we give oxygen first. True or False?

True.

What is septic shock?

Severe infection that spreads throughout the body, leading to dangerously low blood pressure.

Cardiogenic shock blood backs up where?

lungs

During shock, you are cool to the touch. True or False?

True.

AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) would cause what kind of shock?

hypovolemic shock.

Burns can lead to loss of plasma. True or False?

True.

If the patient gets dizzy during the tilt test, the test is started over. True or False?

True.

What cavities can blood collect in during hemorrhagic shock?

abdominal cavity and thoracic cavity

Infection gone systemic will cause what kind of shock?

septic shock.

Anaphylactic shock is caused from severe what?

allergic reactions.

What is the fastest path into the body?

intravenous administration.

What is the second fastest path into the body?

intraosseous administration.

Psychogenic shock is a syncope episode. True or False?

True.

Syncope is caused by what?

atemporary drop in blood flow to the brain.

PE (pulmonary embolism) and cardiac tamponade are examples of what?

obstructive shock.

The femur can lose how many liters of blood?

up to 1-2 liters of blood.

The pelvis can lose how much blood?

up to 3-4 liters of blood.

Solid organs bleed and hollow organs spill. True or False?

True.

Spinal injury is what type of shock?

neurogenic shock.

During neurogenic shock, what happens to the body temperature below the site of injury?

body temperature below the site of injury may decrease.

How much blood can an adult lose before shock occurs? Child? Infant?

An adult can lose about 1 liter, a child about 0.5 liters, and an infant about 0.1 liters before shock occurs.

CC and milliliters are the same unit of volume. True or False?

True.

1,000 ML is equal to how many liters?

1 liter.

What drug is administered first when treating shock?

Oxygen

How often are vitals monitored on a shock patient?

every 5 minutes

An absence of urination is a sign of what?

renal failure or severe dehydration.

Always treat for what kind of shock?

hypovolemic shock.