history unit 1

Arab Slave Trade

Centuries-long trade across Africa, Indian Ocean, and Red Sea, not race-based.

Existing African Slavery

Slaves acquired from battles, campaigns, debt, not sold as commodities.

Assimilation into a slave's new society

Integration of slaves into their new community.

The Reconquista

Christian military campaigns to recapture Iberian Peninsula from Muslims.

Muslim control of the Iberian Peninsula

Muslim rule in Iberia from 8th to 15th century with a slave system.

Papal Bulls Encourage Crusade

Decrees by Roman Catholic popes urging crusades against Muslim territories.

The Crusade for Ceuta, 1415

Led by King John I of Portugal, aimed at capturing Ceuta from Muslims.

Prince Henry (the Navigator)

Son of King John I, wounded in the Crusade for Ceuta.

Portuguese Expansion Begins

Initiated by the discovery of Madeira Archipelago in 1419.

Madeira Archipelago

Islands discovered accidentally by Portuguese sailors in 1419.

The Azores

Uninhabited islands settled by the Portuguese in 1427.

Antao Goncalves, 1441

Portuguese explorer capturing Africans near Cape Bojador.

Nuno Tristao, 1443

Portuguese explorer conducting slave raids along the West African coast.

Religious Justification for Slavery

Enslavement of non-Christians seen as a means for Christian conversion.

Transition to Non-European Slavery

Shift towards enslaving non-Europeans, later non-whites, influenced by religious beliefs.

Dum Diversas, 1452

Papal permission for the king of Portugal to conquer non-believers.

Romanus Pontifex, 1455

Papal praise for Portugal's colonization efforts in Madeira and the Azores.

Pope Nicholas V

Pope during the 15th century, involved in the religious justification of slavery.